Zusammenfassung
Menschen sind grundsätzlich motiviert, möglichst korrekte Urteile und Entscheidungen zu treffen (Wahrheitsmotivation). Diese Grundeinstellung hat evolutionäre Wurzeln, da das überleben des Menschen in einer herausfordernden Umwelt nicht möglich gewesen wäre, wenn er nicht ein Meister darin geworden wäre, seine Urteils- und Entscheidungsprozesse zu optimieren und den Gegebenheiten der Umwelt anzupassen (Musahl, 1997).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Weiterführende Literatur
Gigerenzer, G., Hertwig, R. & Pachur, T. (Hrsg.). (2011). Heuristics: The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
Gilovich, T., Griffin, D. & Kahneman, D. (Hrsg.). (2002). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Schnelles Denken, langsames Denken. München: Siedler.
Literatur
Alicke, M. D. & Govorun, O. (2005). The better-than-average effect. In M. D. Alicke, D. A. Dunning & J. I. Krueger (Eds.), The self in social judgment: Studies in self and identity (pp. 85–106). New York: Psychology Press.
Brewer, M. B. & Weber, J. G. (1994). Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 268–275.
Cialdini, R. B., Vincent, J. E., Lewis, S. K., Catalan, J., Wheeler, D. & Darby, B. L. (1975). Reciprocal concessions procedure for inducing compliance: The door-in-the-face technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 206–215.
Combs, B. & Slovic, P. (1979). Newspaper coverage of causes of death. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 837–843, 849.
Dawes, R. (1998). Behavioral decision making and judgment. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (vol. 2, pp. 497–548). New York: Oxford University Press.
Doherty, M. E., Mynatt, C. R., Tweney, R. D. & Schiavo, M. D. (1979). Pseudodiagnosticity. Acta Psychologica, 43, 111–121.
Eagly, A. H. & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Epley, N. & Gilovich, T. (2001). Putting adjustment back in the anchoring and adjustment heuristic: Differential processing of self-generated and experimenter-provided anchors. Psychological Science, 12, 391–396.
Fiedler, K. & Krueger, J. I. (2012). More than an artifact: Regression as a theoretical construct. In J. I. Krueger (Ed.), Social judgment and decision making (pp. 171–181). New York: Psychology Press.
Fischer, P. (2011). Selective exposure, decision uncertainty, and cognitive economy: A new theoretical perspective on confirmatory information search. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 751–762.
Fischer, P. & Greitemeyer, T. (2010). A new look at selective-exposure effects: An integrative model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 384–389.
Galton, F. (1907). Vox populi. Nature, 75, 509–510.
Gigerenzer, G. & Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 62, 451–482.
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R. & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 295–314.
Gino, F., Sharek, Z. & Moore, D. A. (2011). Keeping the illusion of control under control: Ceilings, floors, and imperfect calibration. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114, 104–114.
Gold, E. & Hester, G. (2008). The gambler’s fallacy and the coin’s memory. In J. I. Krueger (Ed.), Rationality and social responsibility: Essays in honor of Robyn Mason Dawes (pp. 21–46). New York: Psychology Press.
Greitemeyer, T., Fischer, P., Frey, D. & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2009). Biased assimilation: The role of source position. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 22–39.
Hastie, R. & Dawes, R. M. (2010). Rational choice in an uncertain world: The psychology of judgment and decision making (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
Hastie, R. & Kameda, T. (2005). The robust beauty of majority rules in group decisions. Psychological Review, 112, 494–508.
Hoffrage, U. & Hertwig, R. (2012). Simple heuristics in a complex social world. In J. I. Krueger (Ed.), Social judgment and decision making (pp. 135–150). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Kahneman, D. & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgement. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgement (pp. 49–81). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263–292.
Klein, S. B, Loftus, J. & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996). Self-knowledge of an amnesic patient: Toward a neuropsychology of personality and social psychology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 250–260.
Krantz, D. H., Luce, R. D., Suppes, P. & Tversky, A. (1971). Foundations of measurement (Vol. I): Additive and polynomial representations. New York: Academic Press.
Krueger, J. I. (2000). Distributive judgments under uncertainty: Paccioli’s game revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 546–558.
Krueger, J. I. (2001). Null hypothesis significance testing: On the survival of a flawed method. American Psychologist, 56, 16–26.
Krueger, J. I. (2012). The (ir)rationality project in social psychology: A review and assessment. In J. I. Krueger (Ed.), Social judgment and decision making (pp. 59–75). New York: Psychology Press.
Krueger, J. I. & Massey, A. L. (2009). A rational reconstruction of misbehavior. Social Cognition, 27, 786–812.
Krueger, J. I. & Wright, J. C. (2011). Measurement of self-enhancement (and self-protection). In M. D. Alicke & C. Sedikides (Eds.), Handbook of self-enhancement and self-protection (pp. 472–494). New York: Guilford.
Kruglanski, A. W. & Ajzen, I. (1983). Bias and error in human judgment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 1–44.
Laland, K. (2001). Imitation, social learning, and preparedness as mechanisms of bounded rationality. In G. Gigerenzer & R. Selten (Eds.), Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox (pp. 233–248). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311–328.
Larrick, R. P., Mannes, A. E. & Soll, J. B. (2012). The social psychology of the wisdom of crowds. In J. I. Krueger (Ed.), Social judgment and decision making (pp. 227–242). New York: Psychology Press.
Levin, I. P., Johnson, R. D. & Faraone, S. V. (1984). Information integration in price-quality tradeoffs: The effect of missing information. Memory & Cognition, 12, 96–102.
Levin, I. P., Kim, K. J. & Corry, F. A. (1976). Invariance of the weight parameter in information integration. Memory & Cognition, 4, 43–47.
Luce, R. D., Krantz, D. H., Suppes, P. & Tversky, A. (1990). Foundations of measurement (Vol. II): Representation, axiomatization, and invariance. New York: Academic Press.
Metcalf, G. E. & Malkiel, B. G. (1994). The Wall Street Journal contests: The experts, the darts, and the efficient market hypothesis. Applied Financial Economics, 4, 371–374.
Musahl, H. P. (1997). Gefahrenkognition. Theoretische Annäherungen, empirische Befunde und Anwendungsbezüge zur subjektiven Gefahrenkenntnis. Heidelberg: Asanger.
Mussweiler, T. (2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110, 472–489.
Mussweiler, T., Rüter, K. & Epstude, K. (2004). The ups and downs of social comparison: Mechanisms of assimilation and contrast. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 832–844.
Nisbett, R. E., Zukier, H. & Lemley, R. E. (1981). The dilution effect: Nondiagnostic information weakens the implications of diagnostic information. Cognitive Psychology, 13, 248–277.
Russo, J. E. & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1990). Decision traps: Ten barriers to brilliant decision making and how to overcome them. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H. & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195–202.
Slovic, P. & MacPhillamy, D. J. (1974). Dimensional commensurability and cue utilization in comparative judgment. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 11, 172–194.
Srull, T. K. & Wyer, R. S. Jr. (1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1660–1672.
Stephan, E. & Kiell, G. (2000). Decision processes in professional investors: Does expertise moderate judgmental biases? In E. Hölzl (Ed.), Fairness and cooperation (pp. 416–420). Proceedings of the IAREP/SABE 2000 Conference.
Stevens, S. S. (1946). On the theory of scales of measurement. Science, 103, 677–680.
Strack, F. & Deutsch, R. (2002). Urteilsheuristiken. In D. Frey & M. Irle (Eds.), Theorien der Sozialpsychologie, Band III: Motivations- und Informationsverarbeitungstheorien (2. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Aufl., S. 352–384). Bern: Huber.
Strack, F. & Mussweiler, T. (2003). Heuristic strategies for estimation under uncertainty: The enigmatic case of anchoring. In G. V. Bodenhausen & A. J. Lambert (Eds.), Foundations of social cognition: A festschrift in honor of Robert S. Wyer, Jr. (pp. 79–95). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Surowiecki, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies and nations. London: Little, Brown.
Swets, J. A., Dawes, R. M. & Monahan, J. (2000). Psychological science can improve diagnostic decisions. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 1, 1–26.
Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207–232.
Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment und uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131.
Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453–458.
Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer.
Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820.
Wiswede, G. (2000). Einführung in die Wirtschaftspsychologie. München: Reinhardt.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fischer, P., Asal, K., Krueger, J. (2013). Urteilen und Entscheiden. In: Sozialpsychologie für Bachelor. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30272-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30272-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30271-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30272-5
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Science (German Language)