Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sozialpsychologie der menschlichen Existenz: Positive Psychologie und Psychologie der Religion

  • Chapter
Sozialpsychologie für Bachelor

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

Lukas beschreibt metaphorisch, worum es in diesem Kapitel geht. Aber keine Angst – wir haben weder die Absicht, Nichtgläubige zum Glauben zu bekehren, noch, uns mit religiösen bzw. theologischen Inhalten auseinanderzusetzen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Lopez, S. J. & Snyder, C.R. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salsman, J. M., Brown, T. L., Brechting, E. H. & Carlson, C. R. (2005). The link between religion and spirituality and psychological adjustment: The mediating role of optimism and social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 522–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Ai, A. L., Dunkle, R. E., Peterson, C. & Bolling, S. F. (1998). The role of private prayer in psychosocial recovery among midlife and aged patients following cardiac surgery. The Gerontologist, 38, 591–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ai, A. L. & Park, C. L. (2005). Possibilities of the positive following violence and trauma: Informing the coming decade of research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 242–250.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ai, A. L. & Peterson, C. (2004). Symptoms, religious coping, and positive attitudes of refugees from Kosovo War. In T. A. Corales (Ed.), Focus on posttraumatic stress disorder research (pp. 127–161). New York: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ai, A. L., Peterson, C., Tice, T. N., Bolling, S. F. & Koenig, H. (2004). Faith-based and secular pathways to hope and optimism subconstructs in middle-aged and older cardiac patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 435–450.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ai, A. L., Tice, T. N., Peterson, C. & Huang, B. (2005). Prayers, spiritual support, and positive attitudes in coping with the September 11 national crisis. Journal of Personality, 73, 763–792.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Oxford, England: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1959). Religion and prejudice. Crane Review, 2, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1966). The religious context of prejudice. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 5, 447–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432–443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Altemeyer, B. & Hunsberger, B. (2005). Fundamentalism and authoritarianism. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 378–393). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batson, C. D., Floyd, R. B., Meyer, J. M. & Winner, A. L. (1999). »And who is my neighbor?«: Intrinsic religion as a source of universal compassion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38, 445–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P. & Ventis, W. L. (1993): Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergin, A. E. (1991). Values and religious issues in psychotherapy and mental health. American Psychologist, 46, 394–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergin, A. E., Masters, K. S. & Richards, P. S. (1987). Religiousness and mental health reconsidered: A study of an intrinsically religious sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 197–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Block, J. (1971). Lives through time. Berkeley: Bancroft Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, J. & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boscarino, J. A., Figley, C. R. & Adams, R. E. (2004). Compassion fatigue following the September 11 terrorist attacks: A study of secondary trauma among New York City social workers. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 6, 57–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, M. J. & Reyna, C. (2010). The role of prejudice and the need for closure in religious fundamentalism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 715–725.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner, R. H., Koole, S. L. & Bushman, B. J. (2011). »Pray for those who mistreat you«: Effects of prayer on anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 830–837.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061–1070.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burling, J. W. (1993). Death concerns and symbolic aspects of the self: The effects of mortality salience on status concern and religiosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 100–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bushman, B. J., Ridge, R. D., Das, E., Key, C. W. & Busath, G. L. (2007). When God sanctions killing: Effect of scriptural violence on aggression. Psychological Science, 18, 204–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat Jr., F. L. & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 375–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, F., Kearney, K. A., Zegans, L. S., Kemeny, M. E., Neuhaus, J. M. & Stites, D. P. (1999). Differential immune system changes with acute and persistent stress for optimists vs. pessimists. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 13, 155–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, K. W., Mostofsky, E. & Whang, W. (2010). Don’t worry, be happy: Positive affect and reduced 10-year incident coronary heart disease: The canadian nova scotia health survey. European Heart Journal, 31, 1065–1070.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dechesne, M., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Ransom, S., Sheldon, K. M., van Knippenberg, A. & Janssen, J. (2003). Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 722–737.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dittes, J. E. (1996). Driven by hope. Men and meaning. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, E. (1915/1965). The elementary forms of religious life (J. W. Swain, Transl.). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebaugh, H. R. F., Richman, K. & Chafetz, J. S. (1984). Life crisis among the religiously committed: do sectarian differences matter? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23, 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 80–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M. & Carey, M. P. (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 129–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feifel, H. & Nagy, V. T. (1981). Another look at fear of death. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 278–286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T. & Kastenmüller, A. (2007). What do we think about Muslims? The validity of Westerners’ implicit theories about the associations between Muslims’ religiosity, religious identity, aggression potential, and attitude to terrorism. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 10, 373–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Jonas, E. & Frey, D. (2006). Coping with terrorism: The impact of increased salience of terrorism on mood and self-efficacy of intrinsically religious and nonreligious people. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 365–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved from http://www.rickhanson.net/wp-content/files/papers/CultPosEmot.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 191–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C. & Tugade, M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 237–258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M., Waugh, C. & Larkin, G. (2003).What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, H. & Kindermann, W. (1998). Immunsystem und körperliche Belastung: Was ist gesichert? Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 49, 93–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginges, J., Hansen, I. & Norenzayan, A. (2009). Religion and support for suicide attacks. Psychological Science, 20, 224–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J. & Haidt, J. (2010). Beyond beliefs: Religions bind individuals into moral communities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 140–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, J., Solomon, S. & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 29, pp. 61–139). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grom, B. (1992). Religionspsychologie. München/Göttingen: Kösel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. L., Matz, D. C. & Wood, W. (2010). Why don’t we practice what we preach? A meta-analytic review of religious racism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 126–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heine, S. (2005). Grundlagen der Religionspsychologie. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C. & Ehlert, U. (2003). Social support and oxytocin interact to supress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1389–1398.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P. C. & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychologist, 58, 64–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunsberger, B. & Jackson, L. M. (2005). Religion, meaning, and prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 807–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonas, E. & Fischer, P. (2006). Terror management and religion – evidence that intrinsic religiousness mitigates worldview defense following mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 553–567.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahoe, R. D. & Dunn, R. F. (1975). The fear of death and religious attitudes and behavior. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14, 379–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., McGregor, I. & Nash, K. (2010). Religious beliefs as compensatory control. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 37–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keltner, D. & Bonanno, G. A. (1997). A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 687–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinnvall, C. (2004). Globalization and religious nationalism: Self, identity, and the search for ontological security. Political Psychology, 25, 741–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G., George, L. K. & Siegler, I. C. (1988). The use of religion and other emotion-regulating coping strategies among older adults. The Gerontologist, 28, 303–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. L. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenthal, E. (2004). Platon. Sämtliche Werke in drei Bänden. Band I. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maisel, N. C. & Gable, S. L. (2009). The paradox of received social support: The importance of responsiveness. Psychological Science, 20, 928–932.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margraf, J. & Schneider, S. (2009). Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie. Band 2: Störungen in Erwachsenenalter, spezielle Indikationen, Glossar (3. Aufl.). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 385–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, D. N., Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A. & Gil-Rivas, V. (2003). Religion, well-being, and distress in the year following 9/11: A nationwide longitudinal study. Poster presented at: Integrating research on spirituality and health and well-being into service delivery: A research conference, Bethesda, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, D. N., Silver, R. C. & Wortman, C. B. (1993). Religion’s role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 812–821.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNulty, J. K. & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. American Psychologist, 67, 101–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mikulincer, M. & Florian, V. (2002). The effects of mortality salience on self-serving attributions-evidence for the function of self-esteem as a terror management mechanism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 261–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, J. T. (2001). Emotion and coping. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonnano (Eds.), Emotion: Current issues and future directions (pp. 311–336). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon, O. T., Trew, K., Todd, J., Rougier, N. & McLaughlin, K. (2007). Religious and national identity after the Belfast Good Friday Agreement. Political Psychology, 28, 89–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newport, F. (2004). Update: Americans and religion. Gallup. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/14446/Update-Americans-Religion.aspx

    Google Scholar 

  • Newport, F. (2010). Near-record high see religion losing influence in America. Gallup. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/145409/Near-Record-High-Religion-Losing-Influence-America.aspx

    Google Scholar 

  • Norenzayan, A. & Shariff, A. F. (2008). The origin and evolution of religious prosociality. Science, 322, 58–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I. (2002). The bitter and the sweet: An evaluation of the costs and benefits of religiousness. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 168–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pichon, I. & Saroglou, V. (2009). Religion and helping: Impact of target thinking styles and just-world beliefs. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 31, 215–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, J. L. & Ritter, R. S. (2009). God or religion? Divergent effects on ingroup and outgroup altruism. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyszczynski, T., Abdolhossein, A., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F. & Weise, D. (2006). Mortality salience, martyrdom, and military might: The great satan versus the axis of evil. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 525–537.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J. & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 435–468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S. & Greenberg, J. (2003). In the wake of 9/11: The psychology of terror. Washington: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, M. B. & Aspinwall, L. G. (1998). Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 99–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rieckmann, N. (2002). Resilienz, Widerstandsfähigkeit, Hardiness. In R. Schwarzer, M. Jerusalem & H. Weber (Hrsg.), Gesundheitspsychologie von A bis Z (S. 462–465). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, A., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T. & Lyon, D. (1989). Evidence for terror management theory: I. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 681–690.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Routledge, C. & Arndt, J. (2008). Self-sacrifice as self-defence: Mortality salience increases efforts to affirm a symbolic immortal self at the expense of the physical self. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 531–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saad, L. (2001). Personal impact on Americans’ lives: Three in four Americans watched Bush’s address to congress; slight uptick in church attendance. Gallup. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/4900/personal-impact-americans-lives.aspx

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, P. (2005). Stress- und Copingtheorien. In R. Schwarzer (Hrsg.), Gesundheitspsychologie (S. 219–235). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Self-efficacy measurement: Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). In J. Weinman, S. Wright & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Der Glücks-Faktor. Warum Optimisten länger leben. Bergisch Gladbach: Bastei Lübbe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, R., Holman, A., McIntosh, D., Poulin, M. & Gil-Rivas, V. (2002). Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological response to September 11. Journal of American Medical Association, 288, 1235–1244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. W., Pargament, K. I., Brant, C. R. & Oliver, J. M. (2000). Noah revisited: Religious coping by church members and the impact of the 1993 Midwest flood. Journal of CommunityPsychology, 28, 169–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S., Greenberg, J. & Pyszczynski, T. (2004). The cultural animal: Twenty years of terror management theory and research. In J. Greenberg, S. Koole & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 13–34). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spilka, B., Hood, R. W. Jr. & Gorsuch, R. L. (1985). The psychology of religion: An empirical approach. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistisches Bundesamt (2005). Gesundheitsausgaben und Gesundheitspersonalrechnung. Retrieved from http://www.bpb.de/politik/innenpolitik/gesundheitspolitik/72547/einfuehrung-gesundheitswesen-ueberblick

    Google Scholar 

  • Street, D., Burge, S., Quadagno, J. & Barret, A. (2007). The salience of social relationships for resident wellbeing in assisted living. Journal of Gerontology, 62, 129–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ströhle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 777–784.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of social contact. In W. Austin & S. Worchel (Ed.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tix, A. P. & Frazier, P. A. (1998). The use of religious coping during stressful life events: Main effects, moderation, and mediation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 411–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A. & McGarty, C. (1994). Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 454–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, P. (2005). Atheism: Contemporary rates and patterns. In M. Martin (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to atheism (pp. 47–67). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Regensburg, Regensburg

    Prof. Dr. Peter Fischer & Kathrin Asal Dipl. Psych.

  2. Brown University, Brown

    Prof. Dr. Joachim I. Krueger

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Peter Fischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kathrin Asal Dipl. Psych.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. Joachim I. Krueger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fischer, P., Asal, K., Krueger, J. (2013). Sozialpsychologie der menschlichen Existenz: Positive Psychologie und Psychologie der Religion. In: Sozialpsychologie für Bachelor. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30272-5_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation