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Incorporation of Agent Prompts as Scaffolding of Reflection in an Intelligent Learning Environment

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Book cover Intelligent and Adaptive Educational-Learning Systems

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 17))

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Abstract

Recent research has emphasized the importance of reflection for students in an intelligent learning environment. But, researchers have not reached a consensus on the most effective ways to design scaffolding to prompt reflection, nor have they accepted a common mechanism that can explain the effects of scaffolding on reflection. Two types of agent prompts to foster reflection are contrasted in this chapter, both from the perspective of a tutee, differing in their specificity. Generic prompts are content-independent tutee questions, aiming at fostering students’ reflection on metacognitive strategies and beliefs regarding their learning-by-teaching activities. Specific prompts, on the other hand, are content-dependent tutee questions that encourage students’ reflection on domain-related and task-specific skills, and articulation of their explanatory responses. This chapter describes the design and effect of these two types of agent prompts, adapted to students’ learning-by-teaching activities, on the learning outcomes, the elicited levels of reflection, and the self-efficacy of the secondary school students.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore

    Longkai Wu & Chee-Kit Looi

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  1. Longkai Wu
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  2. Chee-Kit Looi
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Correspondence to Longkai Wu .

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  1. WOLNM, 31 Julio 1859, Leyes Reforma, 09310, Mexico

    Alejandro Peña-Ayala

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Wu, L., Looi, CK. (2013). Incorporation of Agent Prompts as Scaffolding of Reflection in an Intelligent Learning Environment. In: Peña-Ayala, A. (eds) Intelligent and Adaptive Educational-Learning Systems. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30171-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30171-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30170-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30171-1

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