Abstract
Understanding the high energy Universe has been a long standing goal of astro-particle physics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
\(\gamma \gamma \rightarrow e^+e^-\) will begin to limit the photon horizon at \(10^{14}\) eV.
- 2.
The energy spectrum produced by supernovae shock fronts is \(\gamma \sim 2\). However, when combined with the confinement time in the Galaxy, a spectrum of \(\gamma \sim 2.6\) is produced.
- 3.
1 erg = \(10^{-7}\) J.
- 4.
It is also possible that the observed high energy cut-off is caused by the end of the energy spectrum that UHECR sources are able to generate.
- 5.
The radiation length is the length over which a particle will lose all but 1/\(e\) of its energy.
- 6.
The critical energy is the energy at which an electron’s rate of energy loss due to ionisation is equal to the rate of energy loss due to bremsstrahlung radiation. Ionisation interactions do not create any new particles, while bremsstrahlung energy losses result in a photon, which may proceed to pair produce, thus adding to the total number of particles in the shower. Therefore, at \(E<E_c\), particles will not be added to the shower.
References
J. Linsley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 146 (1963)
The HESS Collaboration, J.A. Hinton, New Astron. Rev. 48, 331 (2004), [astro-ph/0403052]
J. Holder et al., Status of the VERITAS observatory, in American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 1085, (2008) pp. 657–660, [astro-ph/0810.0474]
The CTA Consortium, astro-ph/1008.3703
V. Hess, Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965)
B.T. Cleveland et al., Astrophys. J. 496, 505 (1998)
K. Hirata et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1490 (1987)
J.J. Beatty, S. Westerhoff, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 59, 319 (2009)
E. Fermi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1169 (1949)
W.I. Axford, E. Leer, G. Skadron, The acceleration of cosmic rays by shock waves, in International Cosmic Ray Conference vol. 11 (1977), 132–137
A.R. Bell, Mon. Notices R. Astron. Soc. 182, 147 (1978)
R.D. Blandford, J.P. Ostriker, Astrophys. J. 221, L29 (1978)
A.M. Hillas, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 425 (1984)
K. Kotera, A.V. Olinto, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49, 119 (2011)
M. Takeda et al., Astropart. Phys. 19, 447 (2003), [astro-ph/0209422]
V. Berezinsky, M. Kachelrieß, A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4302 (1997)
V. Berezinsky, A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5202 (1997)
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, J. Abraham et al., Phys. Lett. B685, 239 (2010), [astro-ph/1002.1975]
The High Resolution FlyGs Eye Collaboration, R.U. Abbasi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 101101 (2008)
A.D. Erlykin, A.W. Wolfendale, J. Phys. G31, 1475 (2005), [astro-ph/0510016]
E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 386 (1995), [astro-ph/9505082]
R.J. Protheroe, A.P. Szabo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2885 (1992)
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Astropart. Phys. 34, 314 (2010), [astro-ph/1009.1855]
L.J. Watson, D.J. Mortlock, A.H. Jaffe, astro-ph/1010.0911
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, J. Abraham et al., astro-ph/0906.2319
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, J. Abraham et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A523, 50 (2004)
J.V. Jelley et al., Nature 205, 327 (1965)
F.D. Kahn, I. Lerche, R. Soc. Lond. Proc. Ser. A 289, 206 (1966)
D.J. Fegan, D.M. Jennings, Nature 223, 722 (1969)
D.J. Fegan, P.P. O’Neill, Nature 241, 126 (1973)
The LOPES Collaboration, H. Falcke et al., Nature 435, 313 (2005), [astro-ph/0505383]
The CODELAMA Collaboration, D. Ardouin et al., Astropart. Phys. 31, 192 (2009), [astro-ph/0901.4502]
K. Greisen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 748 (1966)
G.T. Zatsepin, V.A. Kuzmin, JETP Lett. 4, 78 (1966)
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, J. Abraham et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 091101 (2010), [astro-ph/1002.0699]
The High Resolution FlyGs Eye Collaboration, R.U. Abbasi et al., Astropart. Phys. 32, 53 (2009), [astro-ph/0904.4500]
The High-Resolution Fly’s Eye Collaboration, R.U. Abbasi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 161101 (2010), [astro-ph/0910.4184]
V.S. Beresinsky, G.T. Zatsepin, Phys. Lett. B 28, 423 (1969)
E. Waxman, J.N. Bahcall, Phys. Rev. D 59, 023002 (1999), [hep-ph/9807282]
J.N. Bahcall, E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. D 64, 023002 (2001), [hep-ph/9902383]
R. Engel, D. Seckel, T. Stanev, Phys. Rev. D 64, 093010 (2001), [astro-ph/0101216]
D. Hooper, A. Taylor, S. Sarkar, Astropart. Phys. 23, 11 (2005), [astro-ph/0407618]
D. Hooper, D. Morgan, E. Winstanley, Phys. Rev. D 72, 065009 (2005), [hep-ph/0506091]
R. Gandhi, C. Quigg, M.H. Reno, I. Sarcevic, Astropart. Phys. 5, 81 (1996), [hep-ph/9512364]
R. Gandhi, C. Quigg, M.H. Reno, I. Sarcevic, Phys. Rev. D 58, 093009 (1998), [hep-ph/9807264]
A. Connolly, R.S. Thorne, D. Waters, hep-ph/1102.0691
The Pierre Auger Collaboration, J. Abraham et al., Phys. Rev. D 79, 102001 (2009)
F. Halzen, S.R. Klein, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 081101 (2010), [astro-ph/1007.1247]
The KM3NeT Collaboration, M. de Jong, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A623, 445 (2010)
The AMANDA Collaboration, E. Andres et al., Astropart. Phys. 13, 1 (2000), [astro-ph/9906203]
The ANTARES Collaboration, J. Aguilar et al., Phys. Lett. B 696, 16 (2011), [1011.3772]
The ACoRNE Collaboration, S. Danaher, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 81, 012011 (2007)
The AMADEUS Collaboration, R. Lahmann, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A604, S158 (2009), [astro-ph/0901.0321], * Brief entry *
V. Aynutdinov et al., astro-ph/0910.0678
N. Kurahashi, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Gratta, Phys. Rev. D 82, 073006 (2010), [hep-ex/1007.5517]
S. Boeser et al., astro-ph/0807.4676
G.A. Askaryan, JETP 14, 441 (1962)
G.A. Askaryan, JETP 21, 658 (1965)
J. Alvarez-Muniz, C. James, R. Protheroe, E. Zas, Astropart. Phys. 32, 100 (2009)
D. Saltzberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2802 (2001), [hep-ex/0011001]
P.W. Gorham et al., Phys. Rev. D 72, 023002 (2005), [astro-ph/0412128]
The ANITA Collaboration, P.W. Gorham et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 171101 (2007), [hep-ex/0611008]
L.D. Landau, I. Pomeranchuk, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 92, 535 (1953)
L.D. Landau, I. Pomeranchuk, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 92, 735 (1953)
A.B. Migdal, Phys. Rev. 103, 1811 (1956)
J. Alvarez-Muniz, A. Romero-Wolf, E. Zas, Phys. Rev. D 81, 123009 (2010), [astro-ph/1002.3873]
N.G. Lehtinen, P.W. Gorham, A.R. Jacobson, R.A. Roussel-Dupré, Phys. Rev. D 69, 013008 (2004)
P.W. Gorham et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 041101 (2004)
The RICE Collaboration, I. Kravchenko et al., Astropart. Phys. 19, 15 (2003), [astro-ph/0112372]
P. Allison et al., astro-ph/1105.2854
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mottram, M.J. (2012). Ultra-High Energy Astro-Particle Physics. In: A Search for Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic-Rays with ANITA-2. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30032-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30032-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30031-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30032-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)