Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Der Moderne Mensch

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Vom Urknall zum modernen Menschen

  • 6097 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Als höchste Stufe des Lebens auf der Erde entwickelte sich mit den Hominiden der moderne Mensch. Zusammen mit dem aufrechten Gang, der Befreiung der Hände von der Fortbewegung sowie der Gehirnvergrößerung, die die biologische Evolution dokumentierten, fand eine mentale Evolution statt. Diese zeigte sich sowohl in einer technologischen Entwicklung, die die Beherrschung der Umwelt vorantrieb, als auch in einer kulturellen Evolution, die das Zusammenleben der Gesellschaft effizienter machte. Möglich wurde dies als Folge der Gehirnentwicklung, die eine Hierarchie von Zentren mit höchsten Funktionen ausbildete, die den freien Willen und zweckgerichtete Entscheidungen erlaubten, und das auf Sprache basierende logische Denken, das uns vom Tier unterscheidet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Abbott A (2009) The glorious resolution. Nature 459:638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akkal D et al (2007) Supplementary motor area and presupplementary motor area: targets of basal ganglia and cerebellar output. Journal of Neuroscience 27:10659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alperson-Afil N et al (2009) Spatial organization of hominin activities at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel. Science 326:1677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose SH (2001) Paleolithic technology and human evolution. Science 291:1748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balter M (2001) In search for the first Europeans. Science 291:1722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berna F et al (2012) Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa. PNAS 109 (20): E1215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bode S et al (2011) Tracking the unconscious generation of free decisions using ultra-high field fMRI. PLoS ONE 6: e21612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boly M et al (2008) Intrinsic brain activity in altered states of consciousness. How conscious is the default mode of brain function? Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1129:119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer P (2001) Religion explained. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Brain CK, Sillen A (1988) Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature 336:464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet M et al (2002) A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418:145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabeza R et al (2008) The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an attentional account. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9:613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell A (1996) Biology, 4. Aufl. Benjamin Cumming, Menlo Park CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavanna AE (2006) The precuneus and consciousness. CNS Spectrum 12:545

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavanna AE, Trimble MR (2007) The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates. Brain 129:564

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers DJ (1995) Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2:200. http://www.imprint.co.uk/chalmers.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen J (2007) Relative differences: The myth of 1 %. Science 316:1836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulthard E.J et al (2008) Control over conflict during movement preparation: role of posterior parietal cortex. Neuron 58:144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley HD et al (2004) Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness. Nature Neuroscience 7:189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Culotta E (2009) On the origin of religion. Science 326:787

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry A (2013) The milk revolution. Nature 500:20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Custers R, Aarts H (2010) The unconscious will: how the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness. Science 329:47

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyranoski D (2009) The big and the bold. Nature 459:634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeGrazia D (2009) Self-awareness in animals. In: Lurz RW (Hrsg.) The philosophy of animal minds. Cambridge University Press, S 201. http://esotericonline.net/docs/library/Philosophy/Philosophy of Mind/Consciousness/Lurz-The Philosophy of Animal Minds.pdf#page=201

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • de Lumley H (2001) http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/tautavel/en

  • Desmurget M et al (2009) Movement intention after parietal cortex stimulation in humans. Science 324:811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doehring K (2004) Völkerrecht. Müller, Heidelberg § 20

    Google Scholar 

  • Domínguez-Rodrigo M et al (2010) Configurational approach to identifying the earliest hominin butchers. PNAS 107:20929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunham I et al (2012) An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome. Nature 489:57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emery NJ, Clayton, NS (2004) The mentality of crows: convergent evolution of intelligence in corvids and apes. Science 306:1903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esch T, Stefano GB (2004) The neurobiology of pleasure, reward processes, addiction and their health implications. Neuroendocrinology Letters 25:235

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey U (2009) Cognitive foundations of religiosity. In: Voland E, Schiefenhövel W (Hrsg.) The biological evolution of religious mind and behavior. Springer, Berlin, S 229

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gavrilets, S (2012) Human origins and the transition from promiscuity to pair-bonding. PNAS 109 (25): 9923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazzaniga, MS et al (2009) Cognitive neuroscience: the biology of the mind, 3. Aufl. Norton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gennaro RC (2009) Animals, consciousness, and I-thoughts. In: Lurz RW (Hrsg.) The philosophy of animal minds. Cambridge University Press, S 184. http://esotericonline.net/docs/library/Philosophy/Philosophy of Mind/Consciousness/Lurz - The Philosophy of Animal Minds.pdf#page=184

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons A (2009) A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled. Science 326:36

    Google Scholar 

  • González-José et al (2008) Cladistic analysis of continuous modularized traits provides phylogenetic signals in Homo evolution. Nature 453:775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gore R (1997) The dawn of humans, expanding worlds. Natl. Geogr. 191:84

    Google Scholar 

  • Goren-Inbar N et al (2004) evidence of hominin control of fire at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel. Science 304:725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gusnard DA, Raichle ME (2001) Searching for the baseline functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggard P (2008) Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9:934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haile-Selassie Y (2001) Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 412:178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haile-Selassie Y et al (2004) Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and earlyhominid dental evolution. Science 303:1503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heatherton TF (2010) Building a Social Brain. In: Reuter-Lorenz PA et al (Hrsg.) The cognitive neuroscience of mind. A tribute to Michael S. Gazzaniga. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, S 173. ftp://ftp.turingbirds.com/neurosci/The.MIT.Press.The.Cognitive.Neuroscience.of.Mind.2010.eBook.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann CS et al (2008) Analysis of a choice-reaction task yields a new interpretation of Libet's experiments. Intl. Journal of Psychophysiology 67:151

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoefer C (2010) Causal Determinism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/

  • Holden C (2004) The Origin of Speech. Science 303:1316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanson DC, White TD (1979) A systematic assessment of early african hominids. Science 203:321

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson S (2011) Constraining the time when language evolved. Linguistic & Philos. Investig. 10:45

    Google Scholar 

  • Karnath H-O, Thier P (2006) Neuropsychologie. Springer, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Konopka G et al (2009) Human-specific transcriptional regulation of CNS development genes by FOXP2. Nature 462:213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruggel F et al (1997) BRIAN (Brain Image Analysis). Ein Programmsystem zur Analyse multimodaler Datensätze des Gehirns. Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Report. http://www.billingpreis.mpg.de/hbp97/kruggel.pdf

  • Langergraber KE et al (2012) Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution. PNAS 109 (39): 15716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leakey MD (1979) Footprints in the ashes of time. Natl. Geogr. 155:446

    Google Scholar 

  • Leakey MD et al (1979) Pliocene footprints in the Laetolil beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania. Nature 278:317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WCA et al (2006) Dynamic remodeling of dendritic arbors in gabaergic interneurons of adult visual cortex. PLoS Biol. 4(2): 0271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin R. (1989) Human Evolution. An illustrated introduction, 2. Aufl. Blackwell Sci., Cambridge MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Libet B (1985) Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libet B et al (1983) Time of conscious intention to act in relation to the onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). Brain 106:623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Logothetis NK (2008) What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature 453:869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magistretti, P.J (2009) Low-Cost Travel in Neurons, Science 325, 1349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mania D (2004) Die Urmenschen von Thüringen. Spektrum der Wissenschaft 10:3

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall I et al (2005) Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 433:733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron SP et al (2010) Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466:857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mellars P (2004) Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe.Nature 432:461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metzinger T (2007) http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Self_models

  • Metzinger T (2008) Empirical perspectives from the self-model theory of subjectivity: a brief summary with examples. In: Banerjee R, Chakrabarti B (Hrsg.) Models of brain and mind, physical, computational and psychological approaches. Progress in Brain Research 168. Elsevier, London, S 218,

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzinger, T (2009) Der Ego-Tunnel: Eine neue Philosophie des Selbst: Von der Hirnforschung zur Bewusstseinsethik. Berlin Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Monti MM et al (2010) Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness. New England Journal of Medicine 362:579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyà-Solà S et al (2004) Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new middle Miocene great ape from Spain. Science 306:1339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nachev, P et al (2008) Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9:856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nägerl V et al (2009) Live-cell imaging of dendritic spines by STED microscopy. PNAS 105:18982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Organ C et al (2011) Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo. PNAS 108:14555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen AM et al (2006) Detecting awareness in the vegetative state.Science 313:1402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panchanathan K, Boyd R (2004) Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problem. Nature 432:499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priest G (2000) Logic. A very short introduction. Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle H (1998) The slow birth of agriculture. Science 282:1446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raichle ME et al (2001) A default mode of brain function. PNAS 98:676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sah P, Westbrook RF (2008) The circuit of fear. Nature 454:589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service RF (2008) Proteomics Ponders Prime Time. Science 321:1758

    Google Scholar 

  • Seth A (2009) Explanatory correlates of consciousness: theoretical and computational challenges. Cognitive Computation 1:50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soon CS et al (2008) Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience 11:543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swisher III CC et al (1996) Latest Homo erectus of Java: potential contemporaneity withHomo sapiens in southeast Asia. Science 274, 1870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tattersall I (1997) Out of Africa. Again and again? Scientific American 46

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor DJ et al (1997) Biological Sciences 2. Systems, Maintenance and Change, 3. Aufl. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieme H (2007a) Die Schöninger Speere: Mensch und Jagd vor 400 000 Jahren. Theiss, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieme H (2007b) Warum ließen die Jäger die Speere zurück? In: Thieme H (Hrsg.) Die Schöninger Speere – Mensch und Jagd vor 400 000 Jahren. S 188. Theiss, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman RE et al (2012) The accessible chromatin landscape of the human genome. Nature 489:75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello M (1994) Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalingof chimpanzees? In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes. Parker ST, Gibson KR (Hrsg.) Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaas R (2009) On the natural origin of religiosity by means of bio-cultural selection. In: Voland E, Schiefenhövel W (Hrsg.) S 25

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogeley K, Fink GR (2003) Neural correlates of the first-person perspective. TrendsCognitive Sci. 7:38

    Google Scholar 

  • Voland E (2009) Evaluating the evolutionary status of religiosity and religiousness. In: Voland E, Schiefenhövel W (Hrsg.) S 9

    Google Scholar 

  • Voland E, Schiefenhövel W (2009) The biological evolution of the religious mind and behavior. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EO (1975) Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EO (1978) On Human Nature. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolde Gabriel G et al (2001) Geology and palaeontology of the late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia. Nature 412:175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood B (2002) Hominid revelations from Chad. Nature 418:133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wrangham R (2009) Catching hire: how cooking made us human. BasicBooks, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Astronomie Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Überle-Str. 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Peter Ulmschneider

Authors
  1. Peter Ulmschneider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Ulmschneider .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ulmschneider, P. (2014). Der Moderne Mensch. In: Vom Urknall zum modernen Menschen. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29926-1_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation