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Physiologie

Besonderheiten des Wasser -, Elektrolyt - und Nährstoffbedarfes pädiatrischer Patienten

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Ernährungsmedizin Pädiatrie

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Zusammenfassung

Kontrolle und Regulation der Körperwasserspeicher bei Kindern sind im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen erschwert, weil ein höherer Wasseranteil pro kg Körpergewicht (kgKG) und Tag reguliert werden muss. Zusätzlich ist der Wasserumsatz/kgKG bis zu 5-mal höher als bei Erwachsenen. Unter anderem wegen des Körperwachstums ist auch der Nährstoffbedarf/kgKG bei Kindern im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen erhöht. Die Regulation des Elektrolyt- und weiteren Nährstoffhaushalts ist durch altersabhängige Besonderheiten limitiert. Aus diesem Grunde ist es notwendig, die Flüssigkeits-, Elektrolyt- und weitere Nährstoffzufuhr eng an den mit zunehmendem Lebensalter sinkenden Bedarf anzupassen. Bei gesunden älteren Kindern haben die beschriebenen physiologischen Besonderheiten eine geringere Bedeutung. Belastung des Wasser-, Elektrolyt- oder sonstigen Stoffwechsels führt aber auch bei ihnen schneller an Grenzen als bei Erwachsenen (mit reifen Regulationsmechanismen) und großen Körperspeichern. Darum sind auch die im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen nicht so offensichtlichen Besonderheiten älterer pädiatrischer Patienten für den klinischen Alltag wichtig und keinesfalls zu vernachlässigen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Evangelisches Spandau Waldkrankenhaus, Stadtrandstraße 555, 13589, Berlin, Deutschland

    PD Dr. F. Jochum

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  1. PD Dr. F. Jochum
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  1. Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der, Charit, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ev. Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Stadtrandstr. 555, Berlin, 13589, Germany

    Frank Jochum

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Jochum, F. (2013). Physiologie. In: Jochum, F. (eds) Ernährungsmedizin Pädiatrie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29817-2_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29817-2_2

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