Abstract
In many domains, data quality is recognized as a key factor for successful business and quality management is a mandatory process in the production chain. Automated domain-specific tools are widely used for validation of business-critical data. Although the workflow for 3D city models is well-established from data acquisition to processing, analysis and visualization, quality management is not yet a standard during this workflow. Erroneous results and application defects are among the consequences of processing data with unclear specification. We show that this problem persists even if data are standard compliant and develop systematic rules for the validation of geometric-semantical consistency. A test implementation of the rule set and validation results of real-world city models are presented to demonstrate the potential of the approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Strategic Automotive Data Standards Industry Group—Product Data Quality.
- 2.
SIG-3D—GDI-DE; Special Interest Group 3D of the Geo Data Infrastructure Germany.
- 3.
Working Group of the surveying agencies of the federal states.
References
Attene M, Falcidieno B (2006) Remesh: an nteractive environment to edit and repair triangle meshes. In: IEEE international conference on shape modeling and applications. p 41
Bogdahn J, Coors V (2010) Towards an automated healingof 3D urban models. In Kolbe TH, König G, Nagel C (eds) In: Proceedings of international conference on 3D geoinformation. International archives of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information science. International conference on 3D geoinformation. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany, pp 13–17
Boguslawski P, Gold C, Ledoux H (2011) Modelling and analysing 3D buildings with a primal/dual data structure. ISPRS J Photogram Rem Sens 66(2):188–197
Borodin P, Novotni M, Klein R (2002) Progressive gap closing for mesh repairing. In: Vince J, Earnshaw R (eds) Advances in modelling, animation and rendering, Springer pp 201–213
Butlin G, Stops C (1996) CAD data repair In: 5th international meshing roundtable. pp 7-12
Coors V, Krämer M (2011) Integrating quality management into a 3D geospatial server. In: UDMS 2011. Urban Data Management Society. Delft, p 8
CPA-Systems GmbH (2011) Available at: http://www.cpa-systems.de/
Elysium (2008) CADdoctor. Available at: http://www.elysiuminc.com/Products/caddoctor.asp. Accessed 20 Jan, 2012
Ghawana T, Zlatanova S (2010) Data consistency checks for building a 3D model: a case study of Technical University, Delft campus. Geospatial World, The Netherlands, p 4
Gröger G, Coors V(2010) Rules for validating GML geometries in CityGML. Available at: http://files.sig3d.de/file/20101215_Regeln_GML_final_DE.pdf. Accessed 18 Jan 2012
Gröger G, Plümer L (2009) How to achieve consistency for 3D city models. GeoInformatica 15(1):137–165
Gröger, G. et al (eds) (2008) OpenGIS city geography markup language (CityGML) encoding standard. Available at: http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=28802. Accessed 28 June 2011
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2002) ISO 19113 standard: geographic information -- quality principles. Available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26018
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2003a) ISO 19114 standard: geographic information—quality evaluation procedures. Available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26019
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2003b) ISO/CD 19107, Geographic information—spatial schema
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2006) ISO/PAS 26183—SASIG product data quality guidelines for the global automotive industry
International TechneGroup (2011) CADfix. Available at: http://www.transcendata.com/products/cadfix/index.htm
Ju T (2009) Fixing geometric errors on polygonal models: a survey. J Comput Sci Technol 24(1):19–29
Karki S, Thompson R, McDougall K (2010) Data validation in a 3D cadastre. In Neutens T, Maeyer P (eds) Developments in 3D geo-Iinformation sciences. Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography, Springer, Berlin, pp 92–122
Kazar BM et al (2008) On valid and invalid three-dimensional geometries. In: Oosterom P et al (eds) Advances in 3D geoinformation systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 19–46 (Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-3-540-72135-2_2. Accessed 22 June 2011)
Ledoux H (2011) Topologically consistent 3D city models obtained by extrusion. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 25(4):557–574
Métral C, Falquet G, Cutting-Decelle AF (2009) Towards semantically enriched 3D citymodels: an ontology-based approach. In: Academic track of geoweb 2009—cityscapes, international archives of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences (ISPRS). Vancouver, Canada
Object Management Group (2011) OMG object constraint language (OCL). Available at: http://www.omg.org/spec/OCL/2.3.1/. Accessed 20 Jan 2012
van Oort P (2005) Spatial data quality: from description to application. Optima Grafische Communicatie, The Netherlands
Oosterom P, Quak W, Tilssen T (2005) About invalid, valid and clean polygons. In Fisher PF (ed) Developments in spatial data handling. 11th international symposium on spatial data handling. Leicester, UK: Springer, Berlin, pp 1–16. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26772-7_1
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) (2011) Data quality DWG. Available at: http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/dqdwg. Accessed 19 Jan 2012
Pelagatti G et al. (2009) From the conceptual design of spatial constraints to their implementation in real systems. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems. Seattle, pp 448-451, Nov 4-6
Rocchini C et al (2004) The marching intersections algorithm for merging range images. Vis Comput 20:149–164
Safe Software (2011). FME desktop. Available at: http://www.safe.com/inc/vendors/elqNow/elqRedir.htm?ref=http://downloads.safe.com/fme/brochures/FME_Desktop.pdf
SIG-3D Quality Working Group (2012) Modellierungshandbuch Gebäude. Available at: http://www.sig3d.de/index.php?catid=2&themaid=8777960
Stadler A, Kolbe TH (2007) Spatio-semantic coherence in the integration of 3D city models. In: Proceedings of the 5th inter-national symposium on spatial data quality. Enschede. Available at: http://spirit.bv.tu-berlin.de/igg/htdocs/fileadmin/user_upload/ Stadler/SDQ2007_Stadler_Kolbe.pdf
Thompson R, Oosterom P (2011) Modelling and validation of 3D cadastral objects. In: Zlatanova S et al (eds) Urban and regional data management–UDMS annual 2011. CRC Press, Delft
Transcat PLM (2011) Q-Checker. Available at: http://www.transcat-plm.com/software/transcat-software/q-checker.html. (Accessed 24 Jan 2012
T-Systems International (2011) VALIDAT. Available at: https://servicenet.t-systems.de/validat. Accessed 24 Jan 2012
Wöhler T, Pries M, Stark R (2009) Effiziente Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Geometriemodellen für die virtuelle Absicherung. In 3. Symposium Geometrisches Modellieren, Visualisieren und Bildverarbeitung. Stuttgart
Yamakawa S, Shimada K (2009) Removing self intersections of a triangular mesh by edge swapping, edge hammering, and face lifting. In 18th international meshing roundtable
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the SIG-3D quality working group for fruitful discussion and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding of the project CityDoctor under provision number 17110B10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wagner, D., Wewetzer, M., Bogdahn, J., Alam, N., Pries, M., Coors, V. (2013). Geometric-Semantical Consistency Validation of CityGML Models. In: Pouliot, J., Daniel, S., Hubert, F., Zamyadi, A. (eds) Progress and New Trends in 3D Geoinformation Sciences. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29793-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29793-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29792-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29793-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)