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Energy Security and Climate Change in ASEAN: Implications and Policies

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Energy and Non-Traditional Security (NTS) in Asia

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace ((BRIEFSSECUR,volume 1))

Abstract

This chapter presents a quantifiable definition of energy security and the various indicators generally used to measure it. These indicators are then applied to Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries in order to evaluate their past energy security policies and activities, which include cross-border infrastructure building and hydropower exploitation projects in the region. ASEAN’s efforts at enhancing energy security are analysed relative to its efforts for climate change mitigation, as energy security and climate change have profound impacts on each other. The chapter also suggests alternative approaches for addressing issues related to energy security and climate change in the region.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    By this description, surety is “[a] condition which provides access to energy and fuel sources”; survivability means “energy and fuel sources are resilient and durable in the face of potential damage”; supply suggests “[an] identified and available source of energy, whether it is traditional fossil fuels, alternative energy or renewable energy”; sufficiency means “an adequate quantity of power and fuel from a variety of sources”; and sustainability requires operating practices to “be perpetuated by limiting demand, reducing waste and effectively utilizing alternative energy and renewable resources to the maximum extent possible” (Kleber 2009).

  2. 2.

    Conversely, data from Table 3.1 suggests that Brunei’s energy security status is relatively low mainly due to its high dependence on fossil fuels.

  3. 3.

    EMA, “Liquefied Natural Gas”, at: http://www.ema.gov.sg/LNG/ (20 January 2012).

  4. 4.

    ASEAN, “ASEAN Declaration on Environmental Sustainability”, at: http://www.aseansec.org/21060.htm (27 January 2012); ASEAN, “ASEAN Declaration on the 13th Session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 3rd Session of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the Kyoto Protocol”, at: http://www.asean.org/21078.htm (27 January 2012).

  5. 5.

    “Co-Chairs’ Summary Report of the Seminar on “International Security Implications of Climate-Related Events and Trends””, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 19 March 2009, at: http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/files/library/ARF%20Chairman's%20Statements%20and%20Reports/The%20Sixteenth%20ASEAN%20Regional%20Forum,%202008-2009/Co-Chairs%20Summary%20of%20Seminar%20SI&CC.pdf (20 January 2012): 1–5.

  6. 6.

    “Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy: Providing Security in a Changing World”, Brussels, 11 December 2008, at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/reports/104630.pdf (20 January 2012): 5–6.

  7. 7.

    “Co-Chairs’ Summary Report of the Seminar on “International Security Implications of Climate Change””, Brussels, 18–19 November 2010, at: http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/files/library/ARF%20Chairman's%20Statements%20and%20Reports/The%20Eighteenth%20ASEAN%20Regional%20Forum,%202010-2011/17%20-%20Co-Chairs%20Summary%20Report%20of%20ARF%20Seminar%20on%20Climate%20Change%20as%20of%20101129-1.pdf (20 January 2012): 1–5.

  8. 8.

    For the grid network, see “ASEAN Power Grid”, at: http://www.siew.sg/sites/default/files/apg_only.jpg (8 February 2012); for the current status of APG, see Hermawanto, Bambang, “Report of the 8th Meeting of APGCC”, Presentation at the 27th Meeting of HAPUA Council, Danang, Vietnam, 23 June 2011, at: http://www.hapuasecretariat.org/doc2011/Report%208_APGCC.pdf (8 February 2012): 3.

  9. 9.

    ASEAN, “Memorandum of Understanding on the ASEAN Power Grid”, at: http://www.aseansec.org/20918.htm (8 February 2012).

  10. 10.

    ASCOPE, “Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project (TAGP)”, at: http://ascope.org/component/content/article/6-projects/28-tagp.html (8 February 2012).

  11. 11.

    ASCOPE, “The ASEAN Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP)”, at: http://www.ascope.org/images/stories/tagp_mou.pdf (8 February 2012).

  12. 12.

    ADB, “GMS Development Matrix”, at: http://www.adb.org/GMS/Projects/devmatrix.asp?fl=5 (1 October 2011).

  13. 13.

    ADB, “Greater Mekong Subregion-Progress and Achievements”, (August 2010), at: http://www.adb.org/GMS/Program/progress-achievements.asp (1 October 2011).

Abbreviations

ADB:

Asian Development Bank

AIMS:

ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan Study

APERC:

Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre

APG:

ASEAN Power Grid

APGCC:

ASEAN Power Grid Consultative Committee

ARF:

ASEAN Regional Forum

ASCOPE:

ASEAN Council on Petroleum

ASEAN:

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

CIEP:

Clingendael International Energy Programme

CMP:

Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties

CPEC:

Cambodia Petroleum Exploration Co

EMA:

Singapore Energy Market Authority

EU:

European Union

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GMS:

Greater Mekong Subregion

HAPUA:

Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities

HSS:

School of Humanities and Social Sciences

IAEE:

International Association for Energy Economics

IEA:

International Energy Agency

kV:

Kilovolts

LNG:

Liquefied natural gas

mmbd:

Million barrels per day

MOU:

Memorandum of understanding

mtoe:

Million tonnes of oil equivalent

MW:

Megawatts

NEA:

National Environment Agency

NT2:

Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric power project

NTS:

Non-traditional security

NTU:

Nanyang Technological University

OECD:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

RSIS:

S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies

SEC:

Southern Economic Corridor

TAGP:

Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline

UK:

United Kingdom

UNDP:

United Nations Development Programme

UNFCCC:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

WWF:

World Wide Fund for Nature

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HSS-04-65, Division of Economics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637332, Singapore

    Youngho Chang

  2. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Block S4, Level B4, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Lixia Yao

Authors
  1. Youngho Chang
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  2. Lixia Yao
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Correspondence to Youngho Chang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. S. Rajaratnam School of Int. Studies, Centre for Non-Trad. Security Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Centre for Non-Trad. Security Studies, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Mely Caballero-Anthony

  2. , Division of Economics, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive 14, Singapore, 637332, Singapore

    Youngho Chang

  3. Energy Studies Institute, Energy Security Division, National University of Singapore, Block A, #10-01, Heng Mui Keng Terrace 29, Singapore, 119620, Singapore

    Nur Azha Putra

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Chang, Y., Yao, L. (2012). Energy Security and Climate Change in ASEAN: Implications and Policies. In: Caballero-Anthony, M., Chang, Y., Putra, N. (eds) Energy and Non-Traditional Security (NTS) in Asia. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29706-9_3

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