Abstract
The pursuit of energy security has long been associated with intense rivalry and competition among states for energy resources that are available in limited amounts outside their borders. More often than not, this competition has been perceived as a zero-sum game where one state’s security can only be achieved at the expense of another’s. Since the end of the Cold War and with it, the decline of inter-state wars, the idea that security primarily revolves around the sovereignty of the state has been challenged by the emergence of non-traditional security (NTS) scholars who argue that the debate should shift towards human collectivities instead.
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Notes
- 1.
See IEA (International Energy Agency), 2011, “Energy Security”, at: http://www.iea.org/subjectqueries/keyresult.asp?KEYWORD_ID=4103 (1 December 2011).
- 2.
Yergin, Daniel, “Ensuring Energy Security”, in: Foreign Affairs (March/April 2006), at: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61510/daniel-yergin/ensuring-energy-security (1 December 2011).
- 3.
Najibullah, Farangis, “Tajikistan: Energy Shortages, Extreme Cold Create Crisis Situation”, in: Eurasianet.org (12 January 2008), at: http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/pp011308.shtml (14 June 2009).
- 4.
Marat, Erica, “Tajikistan Experiences Rolling Blackouts amid Freezing Winter Temperatures”, in: Eurasia Daily Monitor, 5,14 (24 January 2008), at: http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=33322 (14 June 2009).
- 5.
“Europe Fuel Protests Spread Wider”, in: BBC News (30 May 2008), at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7426971.stm (1 December 2011).
- 6.
Deutsch, Anthony; Hidayat, Taufan, “Indonesian Parliament Backs Fuel Subsidy Cut”, in: Financial Times (14 December 2010), at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f37cb472-078e-11e0-8d80-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1gyHf5yrT (18 December 2011).
- 7.
“Malaysia to Ban Border Fuel Sales to Foreigners”, in: channelnewsasia.com (27 May 2008), at: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/350252/1/.html (14 May 2009).
- 8.
“Continental Airlines to Cut 3,000 Jobs, Reduce Flights”, in: St. Louis Business Journal (5 June 2008), at: http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/06/02/daily47.html (14 December 2011).
- 9.
Myung, Bryan, “Transport Strike in Yeosu Affects Plants”, in: ICIS.com (12 June 2008), at: http://www.icis.com/Articles/2008/06/12/9131791/transport-strike-in-yeosu-affects-plants.html (18 December 2011).
- 10.
Ng, Lian Cheong; Soh, Alvina, “20 % of Air-cons, 9 % of Fridges Don’t Meet Energy Standards: NEA”, in: channelnewsasia.com (31 August 2011), at: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1150310/1/.html (15 December 2011).
- 11.
Singapore Economic Development Board, “Test-bedding of Electric Vehicles in Singapore from 2010”, Press Release (6 May 2009), at: http://www.sedb.com/etc./medialib/downloads/media_release_2009/electric_vehicles.Par.87936.File.tmp/Press%20Release.pdf (21 July 2011).
- 12.
Ibid.
- 13.
Building and Construction Authority of Singapore, 2011, “About BCA Green Mark Scheme”, at: http://www.bca.gov.sg/greenmark/green_mark_buildings.html (21 July 2011).
- 14.
“Hydropower Development and Mekong River Fisheries: What Can Be Learned from the Columbia River?”, in: International Water Power & Dam Construction (5 October 2011), at: http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2060836 (12 October 2011).
- 15.
“Indonesian President Backs Away from Nuclear Power Plant Proposal”, in: Jakarta Globe (18 June 2011), at: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/indonesian-president-backs-away-from-nuclear-power-plant-proposal/447676 (19 June 2011).
- 16.
Jittapong, Khettiya, “Thailand Delays First Nuclear Power Plant to 2023”, Reuters (27 April 2011), at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/04/27/thailand-nuclear-idUKL3E7FR2WB20110427 (30 January 2012).
- 17.
“Japan Firm to Study Vietnam Nuclear Plant”, AsiaOne (28 September 2011), at: http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20110928-302045.html (29 September 2011).
- 18.
Chan, Sabrina, “Shanmugam Proposes Singapore Host Nuclear Safety Seminar”, channelnewsasia.com (7 June 2011), at: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1133779/1/.html (9 August 2011).
- 19.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore, “Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law K Shanmugam at the 66th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, 22 September 2011”, Press Release (23 September 2011), at: http://app.mfa.gov.sg/2006/press/view_press.asp?post_id=7272 (2 October 2011).
Abbreviations
- ASEM:
-
Asia-Europe Meeting
- ESI:
-
Energy Studies Institute
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency
- MENA:
-
Middle Eastern and North African
- MRC:
-
Mekong River Commission
- MW:
-
Megawatt
- NTS:
-
Non-traditional security
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Caballero-Anthony, M., Azha Putra, N. (2012). Introduction: Energy and Non-Traditional Security (NTS)—Understanding Security from Below. In: Caballero-Anthony, M., Chang, Y., Putra, N. (eds) Energy and Non-Traditional Security (NTS) in Asia. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29706-9_1
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