Skip to main content

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 210))

Abstract

Mortality from ischemic cardiac disease in adults has been dramatically reduced by the development of novel therapies for inhibiting platelet function. Circulating platelets are maintained in a resting state and are activated at sites of vascular injury by exquisitely controlled mechanisms, thereby maintaining vascular integrity without causing intravascular thrombosis. As it became clear that platelets play a central role in arterial thrombosis, the processes of platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation became logical targets for the development of antithrombotic agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aggrastat (Tirofiban) Prescribing Information (2008) Medicure, Somerset, NJ. Available at http://www.medicure.com/aggrastat/Aggrastat_PI_HiRes.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb 2011

  • Alexander KP, Chen AY, Newby LK, for the CRUSADE investigators et al (2006) Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) initiative. Circulation 114:1380–1387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angiomax (bivalirudin) Prescribing Information (2005) The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ. Accessed 13 Feb 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Applegate RJ, Grabarczyk MA, Little WC et al (2002) Vascular closure devices in patients treated with anticoagulation and IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors during percutaneous revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:78–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aster RH (2005) Immune thrombocytopenia caused by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Chest 127:S35–S95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett JS, Vilaire G (1979) Exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors by ADP and epinephrine. J Clin Invest 64:1393–1401

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett JS, Vilaire G, Cines DB (1982) Identification of the fibrinogen receptor on human platelets by photoaffinity labeling. J Biol Chem 257:8049–8054

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett JS, Shattil S, Power J, Gartner T (1988) Interaction of fibrinogen with its platelet receptor: differential effects of alpha and gamma chain fibrinogen peptides of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. J Biol Chem 263:12948–12953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Best PJ, Lennon R, Gersh BJ et al (2003) Safety of abciximab in patients with chronic renal insufficiency who are undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Am Heart J 146:345–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ et al (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 359:189–198 (correction in Lancet 2002;359:2120)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bray PF, Rosa JP, Lingappa VR et al (1986) Biogenesis of the platelet receptor for fibrinogen: evidence for separate precursors for glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1480–1484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casserly I, Topol E (2002) Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa –antagonists – from bench to practice. Cell Mol Life Sci 59:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chew DP, Bhatt DL, Sapp S, Topol EJ (2001) Increased mortality with oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists: a meta-analysis of phase III multicenter randomized trials. Circulation 103:201–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choussat R, Black A, Bossi I, Fajadet J, Marco J (2000) Vascular complications and clinical outcome after coronary angioplasty with platelet IIb/IIIa receptor blockade. Comparison of transradial vs transfemoral arterial access. Eur Heart J 21:662–667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coller BS (1997) Platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists: the first anti-integrin receptor therapeutics. J Clin Invest 99:1467–1471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox D (2004) Oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonists: what went wrong? Curr Pharm Des 10:1587–1596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis BR, Swyers J, Divgi A, McFarland JG, Aster RH (2002) Thrombocytopenia after second exposure to abciximab is caused by antibodies that recognize abciximab-coated platelets. Blood 99:2054–2059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Carlo M, Borelli G, Gistri R et al (2009) Effectiveness of the transradial approach to reduce bleedings in patients undergoing urgent coronary angioplasty with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 74:408–415

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Luca G, Navarese EP, Cassetti E, Verdoia M, Suryapranata H (2001) Meta-analysis of randomized trials of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in high-risk acute coronary syndromes patients undergoing invasive surgery. Am J Cardiol 107:198–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Luca G, Ucci G, Casetti E, Marino P (2009) Benefits from small molecule administration as compared with abciximab among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty. A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1668–1673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duperray A, Troesch A, Berthier R et al (1989) Biosynthesis and assembly of platelet GP IIb/IIIa in human megakaryocytes: evidence that assembly between pro-GPIIb and GPIIIa is a prerequisite for expression of the complex on the cell surface. Blood 74:1603–1611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effient (prasugrel) Prescribing Information (2010) Eli Lily & Company, Indianapolis, IN. Available at http://www.pi.lilly.com/us/effient.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb 11

  • Feit F, Voeltz MD, Attubato MJ et al (2007) Predictors and impact of major hemorrhage on mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention from the REPLACE-2 trial. Am J Cardiol 100:1364–1369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fung AY, Saw J, Starovoytov A et al (2009) Abbreviated infusion of eptifibatide after successful coronary intervention: the BRIEF PCI (Brief Infusion of Eptifibatide Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:837–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Germing A, Bojara W, Lawo T et al (2010) Bleeding complications associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients 80 years of age and older undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Exp Clin Cardiol 15:e57–e60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold HK, Coller BS, Yasuda T et al (1988) Rapid and sustained coronary artery recanalization with combined bolus injection of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator and monoclonal antiplatelet GP IIb/IIIa antibody in a canine preparation. Circulation 77:670–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould RJ, Polokoff MA, Friedman PA et al (1990) Disintegrins: a family of integrin inhibitory proteins from viper venoms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 195:168–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Zaman KA et al (2005) Clopidogrel loading with eptifibatide to arrest the reactivity of platelets: result of the Clopidogrel Loading with Epitifibatide to Arrest the Reactivity of Platelets (CLEAR PLATELETS) study. Circulation 111:1153–1159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurm HS, Tamhane U, Meier P, Grossman M, Chetcuti S, Bates ER (2009) A comparison of abciximab and small molecule GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. A meta-analysis of contemporary randomized controlled trials. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 21:230–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm CW, Heeschen C, Goldmann B, for CAPTURE investigators et al (1999) Benefit of abciximab in patients with refractory unstable angina in relation to serum troponin T levels. New Engl J Med 340:1623–1629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm CJ, Bassand J-P, Agewall S et al (2011) ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr236. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/09/21/eurheartj.ehr236.extract. Accessed 2 Nov 11

  • Harrington RA, Keliman NS, Kottke-Marchant K et al (1995) Immediate and reversible platelet inhibition after intravenous administration of a peptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor during percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 76:1222–1227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbach H-P, Schuster P (2003) Pharmacodynamic and clinical trials of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and potential relationship of results to dosing. Z Kardiol 92:213–218

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husted S (2008) Benefits and risks with antiplatelet therapy: how great a problem is bleeding? Eur Heart J 10(Suppl I):I19–I24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Integrilin (Eptifibatide) Prescribing Information (2009) Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ. Available at http://www.spfiles.com/piintegrilin.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb 2011

  • Kastrati A, Mhelilli J, Schuhlen H, for the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen-Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment Study Investigators et al (2004) A clinical trial of abciximab in elective percutaneous coronary interventions after pretreatment with clopidogrel. New Engl J Med 350:232–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ, for the ISAR-REACT-2 Trial Investigators et al (2006) Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISAR-REACT-2 randomized trial. JAMA 295:1531–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kereiakes DJ, Kleiman NS, Ambrose J et al (1996) Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled dose ranging study of tirofiban (MK-383) platelet IIb/IIIa blockade in high risk patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:536–542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kini AS, Chen VHT, Krishnan P et al (2008) Bolus-only versus bolus + infusion of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J 156:513–519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtane AJ, Piazza G, Murphy SA, for the TIMI Study Group et al (2006) Correlates of bleeding events among moderate-to high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with eptifibatide: observations from the PROTECT-TIMI-30 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:2374–2379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koutouzis M, Lagerqvist B, Oldgren J et al (2010) Long-term results following switch from abciximab to eptifibatide during percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Cardiol 33:686–692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr et al (2009) 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:2205–2241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labinaz M, Ho C, Banerjee S, Martin J, Chen S, Mensinkai S (2007) Meta analysis of clinical efficacy and bleeding risk with intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists for percutaneous coronary intervention. Can J Cardiol 23:963–970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latour-Perez J (2001) Risks and benefits of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists in acute coronary syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 35:472–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes RD, Alexander KP, Manoukian SV et al (2009) Advanced age, antithrombotic strategy, and bleeding in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1021–1030

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marciniak SJ, Jordan R, Mascelli M (2001) Effect of CA+2 chelation on the platelet inhibitory activity of the GP IIb/IIIa antagonists abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban. Thromb Haemost 85:539–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta SK, Frutkin AD, Lindsey JB, on behalf of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (2009) Bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the development of a clinical risk algorithm from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2:222–229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O et al (2001) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 344:1895–1903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moscucci M, Fox KAA, Cannon CP, for the GRACE Investigators et al (2003) Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Eur Heart J 24:1815–1823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Dangas G et al (2007) Development and validation of a prognostic risk score for major bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention via the femoral approach. Eur Heart J 28:1936–1945

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nurden AT (2007) Platelet membrane glycoproteins: a look back into the past and a view to the future. Thromb Haemost 98:49–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donoghue M, Antman EM, Braunwald E, for the TIMI Study Group et al (2009) The efficacy and safety of prasugrel with and without a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous intervention: a TRITON-TIMI 38 (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38) analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:678–685

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Toole TE, Loftus JC, Du XP et al (1990) Affinity modulation of the αIIbβ3 integrin (platelet GP IIb-IIIa) is an intrinsic property of the receptor. Cell Regul 1:883–893

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips DR, Teng W, Arfsten A et al (1997) Effect of Ca+2 on GP IIb-IIIa interactions with integrilin: enhanced GP IIb-IIIa binding and inhibition of platelet aggregation by reductions in the concentration of ionized calcium in plasma anticoagulated with citrate. Circulation 96:1488–1494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prati F, Capodanno D, Pawlowski T et al (2010) Local delivery versus intracoronary infusion of abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 3:928–934

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ReoPro (Abciximab) Prescribing Information (2005) Eli Lily & Company, Indianapolis, IN. Available at http://www.centocorothobiotech.com/cobi/assets/reopro.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb 2011

  • Sanborn TA, Ebrahimi R, Manoukian SV et al (2010) Impact of femoral vascular closure devices and antithrombotic therapy on access site bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 3:57–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saw J, Lincoff AM, DeSmet W, for REPLACE-2 Investigators et al (2004) Lack of clopidogrel pretreatment effect on the relative efficacy of bivalirudin with provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared to heparin with routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade: a REPLACE-2 substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:1194–1199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider DJ, Hermann HC, Lakkis N et al (2002) Enhanced early inhibition of platelet aggregation with an increased bolus of tirofiban. Am J Cardiol 90:1421–1423

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shattil SJ, Brass LF, Bennett JS, Pandhi P (1985) Biochemical and functional consequences of dissociation of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. Blood 66:92–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Springer TA, Zhu J, Xiao T (2008) Structural basis for distinctive recognition of fibrinogen gammaC peptide by the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3. J Cell Biol 182:791–800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhubl SR (2000) Assessing the optimal level of platelet inhibition with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing coronary intervention: rationale and design of the GOLD study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 9:199–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhubl SR, Talley DJ, Braden GA et al (2001) Point-of-care measured platelet inhibition correlates with a reduced risk of an adverse cardiac event after percutaneous intervention. Results of the GOLD (AU-Assessing Ultegra) Multicenter Study. Circulation 103:2572–2578

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GW, Crines CL, Cox DA et al (2002) Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 346:957–966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G et al (2008) Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 358:2218–2230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tcheng JE (2000) Clinical challenges of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor therapy: bleeding, reversal, thrombocytopenia, and retreatment. Am Heart J 139:538–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tcheng JE, Ellis SG, George BS et al (1994) Pharmacodynamics of chimeric glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin antiplatelet antibody Fab 7E3 in high-risk coronary angioplasty. Circulation 90:1757–1764

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tcheng JE, Harrington RA, Kottke-Marchant K et al (1995) Multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker Integrelin in elective coronary intervention. Circulation 91:2151–2157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tcheng JE, Talley JD, O’Shea JC et al (2001) Clinical pharmacology of higher dose eptifibatide in percutaneous coronary intervention (the PRIDE study). Am J Cardiol 88:1097–1102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The CAPTURE Trial Investigators (1997) Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: the CAPTURE Study. Lancet 349:1429–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The EPIC Investigators (1994) Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty. New Engl J Med 330:956–961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The EPILOG Investigators (1997) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. New Engl J Med 336:1689–1696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The ESPRIT Investigators (2000) Novel dosing regimen of eptifibatide in planned coronary stent implantation (ESPRIT): a randomised, placebo controlled trial. Lancet 356:2037–2044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The GUSTO IV-ACS Investigators (2001) Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes with early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial. Lancet 357:1915–1924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The IMPACT II Investigators (1997) Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of eptifibatide on complications of percutaneous coronary intervention: IMPACT II. Lancet 349:1422–1428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management (PRISM) Study Investigators (1998) A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. New Engl J Med 338:1498–1505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited By Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators (1998) Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 338:1488–1497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The PURSUIT Trial Investigators (1998) Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in unstable angina: receptor suppression using Integrilin therapy. New Engl J Med 339:436–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The RESTORE Investigators (1997) Effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade with tirofiban on adverse cardiac events in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angioplasty. Randomized Efficacy Study of Tirofiban for Outcomes and REstenosis. Circulation 96:1445–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiele H, Schindler K, Friedenberger J et al (2008) Intracoronary compared with intravenous bolus abciximab application in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 118:49–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tizon-Marcos H, Bertrand OF, Rodes-Cabau J et al (2009) Impact of female gender and transradial coronary stenting with maximal antiplatelet therapy on bleeding and ischemic outcomes. Am Heart J 157:740–745

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Moliterno DJ, Hermann HC, for the TARGET Investigators et al (2001) Comparison of two platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, tirofiban and abciximab, for the prevention of ischaemic events with percutaneous coronary revascularisation. New Engl J Med 344:1888–1894

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai TT, Maddox TM, Roe MT, for the National Cardiovascular Data Registry et al (2009) Contraindicated medication use in dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 302:2458–2464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valgimigli M, Campo G, de Cesare N et al (2009) Intensifying platelet inhibition with tirofiban in poor responders to aspirin, clopidogrel, or both agents undergoing elective coronary intervention. Circulation 119:3215–3222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Werf F, Bax J, Betriu A, The task force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology et al (2008) Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 39:2909–2945

    Google Scholar 

  • Van’t Hof AW, Ten Berg J, Heestermans T et al (2008) Prehospital initiation of tirofiban in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty (ON-TIME 2): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 372:537–546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner CL, Mascelli MA, Neblock DS et al (1996) Analysis of GP IIb/IIIa receptor number by quantification of 7E3 binding to human platelets. Blood 88:907–914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winchester DE, Wen X, Brearley WD, Park KE, Anderson RD, Bavry AA (2011a) Efficacy and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during elective coronary revascularization: a meta-analysis of randomized trials performed in the era of stents and thienopyridines. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1190–1199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winchester DE, Wen X, Brearley WD et al (2011b) Efficacy and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during elective coronary revascularization: a meta-analysis of randomized trials performed in the era of stents and thienopyridines. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1190–1199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wohrle J, Grebe OC, Nusser T et al (2003) Reduction of major adverse cardiac events with intracoronary compared with intravenous bolus application of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty. Circulation 107:1840–1843

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao T, Takagi J, Coller BS, Wang J, Springer TA (2004) Structural basis for allostery in integrins and binding to fibrinogen-mimetic therapeutics. Nature 432:59–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin H, Slusky JS, Berger BW et al (2007) Computational design of peptides that target transmembrane helices. Science 315:1817–1822

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu J, Choi WS, McCoy JG et al (2012) Struture-guided design of a high-affinity platelet integrin alpha 2b beta 3 receptor antagonist that disrupts Mg2+ binding to the MIDAS. Sci Transl Med 125:125ra32

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joel S. Bennett M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hook, K.M., Bennett, J.S. (2012). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists. In: Gresele, P., Born, G., Patrono, C., Page, C. (eds) Antiplatelet Agents. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 210. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29423-5_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics