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Bluetongue Disease: An Analysis of the Epidemic in Germany 2006–2009

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Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Diseases

Part of the book series: Parasitology Research Monographs ((Parasitology Res. Monogr.,volume 3))

Abstract

In August 2006, bluetongue virus of serotype 8 (BTV-8), which had occurred before in the sub-Saharan region, Asia and South America, was introduced into Central Europe. The virus hit an area with a high population density of BTV-naive ruminants, suitable vectors (Culicoides spp.) and climatic conditions favourable for virogenesis and transmission. In 2006 and 2007, the disease spread over wide parts of western Germany and had a high economic impact on sheep and cattle farms. To reduce animal losses, mitigate the clinical symptoms and stop the further spread of the disease, Germany decided to implement a compulsory vaccination programme with a monovalent, inactivated vaccine against BTV-8 in May 2008 which has apparently led to the eradication of the disease. This chapter reviews the pathogenesis of bluetongue disease, the clinical signs, diagnosis, the course of the epidemic, control measures and the economic impact of the BTV-8 epidemic in Germany.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to the list of products certified by the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut pursuant to §17c of the Animal Diseases Act; see http://www.fli.bund.de/en/startseite/services/licensing-authority.html for the most recent version.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the German animal disease compensation funds for data on compensation payments and veterinarians and farmers for their support. The excellent technical assistance of Kathrin Teske and Doris Kämer is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Seestraße 55, 16868, Wusterhausen, Germany

    Franz J. Conraths, Conrad Freuling, Jörn Gethmann, Matthias Kramer, Carolina Probst & Christoph Staubach

  2. Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

    Michael Eschbaumer, Bernd Hoffmann & Martin Beer

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Correspondence to Franz J. Conraths .

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  1. Department of Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology,, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

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Conraths, F.J. et al. (2012). Bluetongue Disease: An Analysis of the Epidemic in Germany 2006–2009. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Diseases. Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28842-5_5

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