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Isotopes in Solids

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Isotopes in Condensed Matter

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 162))

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Abstract

The modern view of solid-state physics is based on the presentation of elementary excitations, having mass, quasiimpuls, electrical charge and so on. According to this presentation the elementary excitations of the non-metallic materials are electrons (holes), excitons (polaritons) and phonons. The latter are the elementary excitations of the crystal lattice, the dynamics of which is described in harmonic approximation as is well known, the base of such view on solids is the multiparticle approach. In this view, the quasiparticles of solids are ideal gas, which describe the behavior of the system, e.g. noninteracting electrons. We should take into account such an approach to consider the theory of elementary excitations as a suitable model for the application of the common methods of quantum mechanics for the solution of the solid-state physics task. In this chapter we consider not only the manifestations of the isotope effect on different solids, but also the new accurate results, showing the quantitative changes of different characteristics of phonons and electrons (excitons) in solids with isotopic substitution. The isotopic effect becomes more pronounced when dealing with solids. For example, on substitution of H with D the change in energy of the electron transition in solid state (e.g. LiH ) is two orders of magnitude larger than in atomic hydrogen. Using elementary excitations to describe the complicated motion of many particles has turned out to be an extraordinarily useful device in contemporary physics, and it is the view of a solid which we describe in this chapter.

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    Vladimir Plekhanov

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Plekhanov, V. (2013). Isotopes in Solids. In: Isotopes in Condensed Matter. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 162. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28723-7_4

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