Skip to main content

Electronics-Based 3D Sensors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
TOF Range-Imaging Cameras

Abstract

The conventional photodiode, available in every CMOS process as a PN junction, can be enriched by smart electronics and therefore achieve interesting performance in the implementation of 3D Time-Of-Flight imagers. The high level of integration of deep submicron technologies allows the realization of 3D pixels with interesting features while keeping reasonable fill-factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. R. Jeremias, W. Brockherde, G. Doemens, B. Hosticka, L. Listl, P. Mengel, A CMOS photosensor array for 3D imaging using pulsed laser, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2001), pp. 252–253

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. Stoppa, L. Viarani, A. Simoni, L. Gonzo, M. Malfatti, G. Pedretti, A 50 × 30-Pixel CMOS Sensor for TOF-Based Real Time 3D Imaging, 2005 Workshop on Charge-Coupled Devices and Advanced Image Sensors (Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Perenzoni, N. Massari, D. Stoppa, L. Pancheri, M. Malfatti, L. Gonzo, A 160×120-pixels range camera with in-pixel correlated double sampling and fixed-pattern noise correction. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 46(7), 1672–1681 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. El Gamal, H. Eltoukhy, CMOS Image Sensors IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, vol. 21, no. 3 (2005), pp. 6–20

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Sarpeshkar, T. Delbruck, C.A. Mead, White noise in MOS transistors and resistors. IEEE Circuits Devices Mag. 9(6), 23–29 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. O. Sgrott, D. Mosconi, M. Perenzoni, G. Pedretti, L. Gonzo, D. Stoppa, A 134-pixel CMOS sensor for combined Time-Of-Flight and optical triangulation 3-D imaging. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 45(7), 1354–1364 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Oberhauser, G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, Active bridge-correlator circuit with integrated PIN photodiode for optical distance measurement applications, in Proceeding of the 5th IASTED International Conference Circuits, Signals and Systems, 2007, pp. 209–214

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Zach, A. Nemecek, H. Zimmermann, Smart distance measurement line sensor with background light suppression and on-chip phase generation, in Proceeding of SPIE, Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III, vol. 7055, 2008, pp. 70550P1–70550P10

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, A 2 × 32 Range-finding sensor array wit pixel-inherent suppression of ambient light up to 120klx, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2009), pp. 352–353

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. Zach, M. Davidovic, H. Zimmermann, A 16 × 16 pixel distance sensor with in-pixel circuitry that tolerates 150 klx of ambient light. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 45(7), 1345–1353 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Seitz, Quantum-noise limited distance resolution of optical range imaging techniques. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 55(8), 2368–2377 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Nemecek, K. Oberhauser, G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, Time-Of-Flight based pixel architecture with integrated double-cathode photodetector. in Proceeding IEEE Sensors Conference 278, 275–278 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Decker, R.D. McGrath, K. Brehmer, C.G. Sodini, A 256 × 256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 33(12), 2081–2091 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C. Bamji, H. Yalcin, X. Liu, E.T. Eroglu, Method and system to differentially enhance sensor dynamic range U.S. Patent 6,919,549, 19 July 2005

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matteo Perenzoni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Perenzoni, M., Kostov, P., Davidovic, M., Zach, G., Zimmermann, H. (2013). Electronics-Based 3D Sensors. In: Remondino, F., Stoppa, D. (eds) TOF Range-Imaging Cameras. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27523-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics