Abstract
The conventional photodiode, available in every CMOS process as a PN junction, can be enriched by smart electronics and therefore achieve interesting performance in the implementation of 3D Time-Of-Flight imagers. The high level of integration of deep submicron technologies allows the realization of 3D pixels with interesting features while keeping reasonable fill-factors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
R. Jeremias, W. Brockherde, G. Doemens, B. Hosticka, L. Listl, P. Mengel, A CMOS photosensor array for 3D imaging using pulsed laser, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2001), pp. 252–253
D. Stoppa, L. Viarani, A. Simoni, L. Gonzo, M. Malfatti, G. Pedretti, A 50 × 30-Pixel CMOS Sensor for TOF-Based Real Time 3D Imaging, 2005 Workshop on Charge-Coupled Devices and Advanced Image Sensors (Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan, 2005)
M. Perenzoni, N. Massari, D. Stoppa, L. Pancheri, M. Malfatti, L. Gonzo, A 160×120-pixels range camera with in-pixel correlated double sampling and fixed-pattern noise correction. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 46(7), 1672–1681 (2011)
A. El Gamal, H. Eltoukhy, CMOS Image Sensors IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, vol. 21, no. 3 (2005), pp. 6–20
R. Sarpeshkar, T. Delbruck, C.A. Mead, White noise in MOS transistors and resistors. IEEE Circuits Devices Mag. 9(6), 23–29 (1993)
O. Sgrott, D. Mosconi, M. Perenzoni, G. Pedretti, L. Gonzo, D. Stoppa, A 134-pixel CMOS sensor for combined Time-Of-Flight and optical triangulation 3-D imaging. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 45(7), 1354–1364 (2010)
K. Oberhauser, G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, Active bridge-correlator circuit with integrated PIN photodiode for optical distance measurement applications, in Proceeding of the 5th IASTED International Conference Circuits, Signals and Systems, 2007, pp. 209–214
G. Zach, A. Nemecek, H. Zimmermann, Smart distance measurement line sensor with background light suppression and on-chip phase generation, in Proceeding of SPIE, Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III, vol. 7055, 2008, pp. 70550P1–70550P10
G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, A 2 × 32 Range-finding sensor array wit pixel-inherent suppression of ambient light up to 120klx, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2009), pp. 352–353
G. Zach, M. Davidovic, H. Zimmermann, A 16 × 16 pixel distance sensor with in-pixel circuitry that tolerates 150 klx of ambient light. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 45(7), 1345–1353 (2010)
P. Seitz, Quantum-noise limited distance resolution of optical range imaging techniques. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 55(8), 2368–2377 (2008)
A. Nemecek, K. Oberhauser, G. Zach, H. Zimmermann, Time-Of-Flight based pixel architecture with integrated double-cathode photodetector. in Proceeding IEEE Sensors Conference 278, 275–278 (2006)
S. Decker, R.D. McGrath, K. Brehmer, C.G. Sodini, A 256 × 256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 33(12), 2081–2091 (1998)
C. Bamji, H. Yalcin, X. Liu, E.T. Eroglu, Method and system to differentially enhance sensor dynamic range U.S. Patent 6,919,549, 19 July 2005
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Perenzoni, M., Kostov, P., Davidovic, M., Zach, G., Zimmermann, H. (2013). Electronics-Based 3D Sensors. In: Remondino, F., Stoppa, D. (eds) TOF Range-Imaging Cameras. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27523-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27523-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-27522-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27523-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)