Abstract
The planning and creation of Italy’s National Research Council were carried out from the end of World War I to the early years of the 1920s. In order to follow the 3 years of Volterra’s presidency we went all the way up to 1926. Now let’s go back to a more orderly chain of events.
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Notes
- 1.
On Gentile and the reform that carries his name, see Gabriele Turi, Giovanni Gentile. Un biografia (Florence: Giunti, 1995).
- 2.
The Commission was largely composed of members who were also senators and who had participated in the meetings in April and May. For its exact composition, see Giovanni Paoloni (ed), Vito Volterra e il suo tempo, op. cit.
- 3.
This was Francesco D’Ovidio, Volterra’s predecessor as president of the Accademia.
- 4.
The budget cuts were only partly compensated for by a special allocation of funds for university laboratories proposed by Corbino, who was the new minister for the national economy.
- 5.
According to Giorgio Boatti, Preferirei di no. Le storie dei dodici professori che si opposero a Mussolini (Torino: Einaudi, 2001), Luigi Errera was a ‘high official in the railroad who seeing Fascism grow decided to retire in order not to have to join the party, and retired right away, a month before he was to be promoted, so as not to gamble on his pension’.
- 6.
Emilio Segrè, Autobiografia di un fisico (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1995).
- 7.
The text of the lessons was published in Spanish in 1927 and for an international readership in 1959 with the title Theory of Functionals and of Integral and Integro-Differential Equations (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications) with a foreword by Griffith Evans.
- 8.
For more details, see Angelo Guerraggio and Pietro Nastasi, Matematica in camicia nera, op. cit.
- 9.
On the stance taken by Levi-Cività, see Angelo Guerraggio and Pietro Nastasi, Matematica in camicia nera, op. cit. For an overall portrait of Levi-Cività, see the monograph issue of Lettera Matematica PRISTEM (no. 57–58, 2006) edited by Pietro Nastasi and Rossana Tazzioli.
- 10.
The 12 who refused to take the oath were: Ernesto Buonaiuti, Mario Carrara, Gaetano De Sanctis, Giorgio Errera, Giorgio Levi Della Vida, Fabio Luzzatto, Pietro Martinetti, Bartolo Nigrisoli, Edoardo Ruffini, Francesco Ruffini, Lionello Venturi and Vito Volterra.
- 11.
G. Boatti, Preferirei di no, op. cit.
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Guerraggio, A., Paoloni, G. (2012). The End of Freedom. In: Vito Volterra. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27263-9_7
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