Abstract
In April 2007, just weeks after the Convention came into force, the United States launched a challenge at the WTO against various cultural measures maintained by China. The Chinese measures restrict the importation of feature films, audiovisual home entertainment works, sound recordings, and publications such as books, magazines and newspapers, including their electronic versions. Among other measures, China requires the works to be distributed by a Chinese-owned company, effectively requiring these cultural products to be distributed in China by a state-owned enterprise.
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Notes
- 1.
As of September 2011. For a list of the Parties to the Convention in chronological order, see http://portal.unesco.org/la/convention.asp?KO=31038%26language=E.
- 2.
Obuljen, N. (2006). From Our Creative Diversity to the Convention on Cultural Diversity: introduction to the debate. In N. Obuljen, & J. Smiers (Eds), UNESCO’s Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Making it work (pp. 17–35). Zagreb: Institute for International Relations. http://www.culturelink.org/publics/joint/diversity01/Obuljen_Unesco_Diversity.pdf.
- 3.
Obuljen, N. (2006). From Our Creative Diversity to the Convention on Cultural Diversity: introduction to the debate. In N. Obuljen, & J. Smiers (Eds), UNESCO’s Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Making it work (pp. 17–35). Zagreb: Institute for International Relations. http://www.culturelink.org/publics/joint/diversity01/Obuljen_Unesco_Diversity.pdf, p. 19.
- 4.
WTO (1997). Panel Report, Canada—Certain measures concerning periodicals, WTO Doc. WT/DS31/R of 14 March 1997; WTO (1997). Appellate Body Report, Canada—Certain measures concerning periodicals, WTO Doc. WT/DS31/AB/R of 30 June 1997.
- 5.
INCD Draft, pp. 2, 6. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.
- 6.
Stenou, K. (2000). UNESCO and the issue of cultural diversity. Review and strategy, 1946-2000. Division of Cultural Policies, UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001252/125248Mo.pdf.
- 7.
UNESCO Doc. CLT-2002/WS/9 of 2002, p. 15.
- 8.
WTO (2007). Request for Consultations, China—Measures affecting trading rights and distribution services for certain publications and audiovisual entertainment products, WTO Doc. WT/DS363/1, G/L/820, S/L/287 of 16 April 2007.
- 9.
WTO (2009). Panel Report, China—Measures affecting trading rights and distribution services for certain publications and audiovisual entertainment products, WTO Doc. WT/DS363/R of 12 August 2009.
- 10.
WTO (2009). Appellate Body Report, China—Measures affecting trading rights and distribution services for certain publications and audiovisual entertainment products, WTO Doc. WT/DS363/AB/R of 21 December 2009.
- 11.
WTO (2009). Panel Report, China—Measures affecting trading rights and distribution services for certain publications and audiovisual entertainment products, WTO Doc. WT/DS363/R of 12 August 2009, p. 278.
- 12.
UNESCO Doc. CLT-2002/WS/9 of 2002, p. 14.
- 13.
WTO (2009). Panel Report, China – Measures affecting trading rights and distribution services for certain publications and audiovisual entertainment products, WTO Doc. WT/DS363/R of 12 August 2009, p. 86. (Emphasis added.)
- 14.
Neil, G. (2005a). INCD position on new UNESCO treaty. http://www.incd.net/docs/INCDPosition.htm.
- 15.
Neil, G. (2005b) Response of the UNESCO Convention to the cultural challenges of economic globalisation. http://www.incd.net/docs/Document%204%20-%20Neil%20on%20Convention.pdf, p. 22.
- 16.
European Commission (2005). Summary: adoption of UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity. EU Doc. EC05-341EN of 20 October 2005. http://www.europa-eu-un.org/articles/en/article_5164_en.htm. (Bold emphasis in the original.)
- 17.
See also, comment on Article 6 by Ivan Bernier.
- 18.
See also, comments on Article 20 and Article 21 by Peter-Tobias Stoll.
- 19.
See also, comment on Article 11 by Christine M. Merkel.
- 20.
See also, comment on Article 16 by Xavier Troussard / Valérie Panis-Cendrowicz / Julien Guerrier.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
Text of the Protocol available at http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policy-development/doc/cultural_cooperation_protocol.pdf.
References
Neil, G. (2005a). INCD position on new UNESCO treaty. http://www.incd.net/docs/INCDPosition.htm.
Neil, G. (2005b) Response of the UNESCO Convention to the cultural challenges of economic globalisation. http://www.incd.net/docs/Document%204%20-%20Neil%20on%20Convention.pdf.
Obuljen, N. (2006). From Our Creative Diversity to the Convention on Cultural Diversity: introduction to the debate. In N. Obuljen, & J. Smiers (Eds), UNESCO’s Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Making it work (pp. 17–35). Zagreb: Institute for International Relations. http://www.culturelink.org/publics/joint/diversity01/Obuljen_Unesco_Diversity.pdf.
Stenou, K. (2000). UNESCO and the issue of cultural diversity. Review and strategy, 1946–2000. Division of Cultural Policies, UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001252/125248Mo.pdf.
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Neil, G. (2012). Conclusions: Perspectives and Challenges for the Convention. In: von Schorlemer, S., Stoll, PT. (eds) The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_39
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