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Article 19: Exchange, Analysis and Dissemination of Information

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The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions

Abstract

Article 19, “Exchange, Analysis and Dissemination of Information”, is a key article for the implementation of the CCD. It is directly linked to the main objectives of the Convention, to encourage governments to introduce cultural policies and measures for diversity that address the different stages in the value chain of cultural expressions, from the creation, production, and distribution to access and enjoyment of cultural expressions. Specific attention will be given to cultural policy measures that protect and promote diversity (Arts 6, 7, 8) and projects of cooperation and innovative partnerships that reflect the spirit of the Convention (Arts 12, 13, 15, 16).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For further information, see the comment on Article 6 by Ivan Bernier, the comment on Article 7 by Sven Mißling/Bernd M. Scherer, and the comment on Article 8 by Lilian Richieri Hanania/Hélène Ruiz Fabri.

  2. 2.

    For further information, see the comment on Article 12 by Robert Palmer/Kathrin Merkle, the comment on Article 13 by David Throsby, the comment on Article 15 by Jens Kåre Rasmussen/Laura Gómez Bustos and the comment on Article 16 by Xavier Troussard/Valérie Panis-Cendrowicz/Julien Guerrier.

  3. 3.

    See also the comment on Article 9 by Christine M. Merkel.

  4. 4.

    For a link to the SAGIT Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  5. 5.

    For a link to the INCP Draft (as published in July 2003), see Annex of this Commentary. The INCP was initiated as a global ministerial network in the follow-up to the Stockholm Conference on Culture and Development (1998). It has been meeting annually since, involving 60 countries. The INCP created a horizontal and informal platform for peer consultation among ministers and senior officials of ministries of culture for the first time, inviting international NGOs to its consultations where appropriate.

  6. 6.

    SAGIT Draft, p. 1. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  7. 7.

    SAGIT Draft, p. 9. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  8. 8.

    SAGIT Draft, pp. 11 et seq. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  9. 9.

    SAGIT Draft, pp. 13 et seq. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  10. 10.

    INCD Draft, p. 4. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  11. 11.

    INCP Draft, p. 5. For a link to this Draft, see Annex to this Commentary.

  12. 12.

    INCP Draft, p. 29. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  13. 13.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT-2002/WS/9 of 2002, p.15.

  14. 14.

    See UNESCO Doc. 166 EX/28 of 12 March 2003.

  15. 15.

    See http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15244%26URL_DO=DO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION=201.html; 07.02.2012 Christine M Merkel.

  16. 16.

    See UNESCO Doc.166 EX/Decisions of 14 May 2003, p. 39.

  17. 17.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, pp. 10 et seq.

  18. 18.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, p. 5.

  19. 19.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, pp. 8 et seq. (Emphasis added.)

  20. 20.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, p. 9. (Emphasis added.)

  21. 21.

    UNESCO had World Culture Reports published in 1998 (UNESCO (1998). World culture report, 1998. Culture, creativity and markets. Paris: UNESCO) and 2000 (UNESCO (2000). World culture report, 2000. Cultural diversity, conflict and pluralism. Paris: UNESCO). Both included substantial chapters on national and international practice of measuring culture, conceptual contributions on measuring the contribution of culture to human well-being as well as comparative statistical tables and culture indicators on e.g. public expenditures on culture, biodiversity and cultural diversity, the global cinema market and other data. Following readjustment of UNESCO’s publishing policy in light of decreasing resources, annual, bi-annual or otherwise regular Word Reports were abolished.

    The next UNESCO Culture World Report was published in 2009 (UNESCO (2009). UNESCO World Report. Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001852/185202E.pdf), providing data related to the seven cultural conventions of UNESCO (ratifications, heritage sites and traditions) as well as demographic data, access to telecommunication, gender, highlights of the World Values Survey, languages, translations, education, literacy, curricula and university student mobility, newspapers, broadcast content, movies, recorded music repertoire and sales, international flows of selected cultural goods and services, tourism flows, environment, biodiversity and habitat, and economic development and innovation.

  22. 22.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, p. 11.

  23. 23.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, p. 11.

  24. 24.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, pp. 7 et seq.

  25. 25.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 7.

  26. 26.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 7. (Emphasis added.)

  27. 27.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 8. (Emphasis added.)

  28. 28.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 8. (Emphasis added.)

  29. 29.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 11. (Emphasis added.)

  30. 30.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 9. (Emphasis added.)

  31. 31.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 6.

  32. 32.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 6.

  33. 33.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 11.

  34. 34.

    World Commission on Culture and Development (1995). Our creative diversity. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 46–48.

  35. 35.

    UNESCO (2009). UNESCO world report. Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001852/185202E.pdf, p. 28.

  36. 36.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p. 3.

  37. 37.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004.

  38. 38.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, pp. 8 et seq.

  39. 39.

    Article 21 para. 3 of the Expert Draft; UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p. 11.

  40. 40.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p. 11.

  41. 41.

    The submitted comments and proposed amendments are contained in the partly published UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/1 of December 2004.

  42. 42.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT-2004/CONF.201/9 of November 2004, p. 3.

  43. 43.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004.

  44. 44.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 7.

  45. 45.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 7.

  46. 46.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 9.

  47. 47.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, pp. 10 et seq.

  48. 48.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 12.

  49. 49.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6 of 3 March 2005, Appendix 1, p. 29. (Emphasis added.)

  50. 50.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6 of 3 March 2005, Appendix 1, p. 36.

  51. 51.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005.

  52. 52.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005, p. 1.

  53. 53.

    Compare UNESCO Doc. 171EX/44 of 17 March 2005 and UNESCO Doc. 171 EX/INF.18 of 21 April 2005.

  54. 54.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005, p. 10.

  55. 55.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005, p. 14.

  56. 56.

    UNESCO Doc. 33C/23 of 4 August 2005, p. 14.

  57. 57.

    See also the comment on Article 9 by Christine M. Merkel.

  58. 58.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 7. At its third ordinary session (Paris, 7–11 December 2009), the Intergovernmental Committee requested the Convention Secretariat to submit draft operational guidelines at its next session in Winter 2010, comprising the modalities of their implementation and their financing (UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, Decision 3.IGC 8); the Secretariat had provided a document outlining the provisions of Article 19 and the issues surrounding its implementation (UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009).

  59. 59.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 7.

  60. 60.

    Emphasis added.

  61. 61.

    Emphasis added.

  62. 62.

    Emphasis added.

  63. 63.

    Emphasis added.

  64. 64.

    See also the comment on Article 10 by Martin Gerner and the comment on Article 9 by Christine M. Merkel.

  65. 65.

    This might be the reason for the somewhat astonishing assessment by the UNESCO Secretariat of the Convention as expressed in the working document regarding the “Preparation of the Operational Guidelines on the exchange, analysis and dissemination of information (Article 19 of the Convention)”: The Secretariat concludes that “paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article 19 are not intended for the Parties” and that “measures taken by the Secretariat to comply with its obligations under Article 19 […] do not require operational guidelines to be elaborated” (UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, p. 4). In the end, these activities expected from the Secretariat are intended to support the Parties, civil society and other partners in their joint efforts of implementing the Convention. For the sake of coherence, operational guidelines should not be understood as guiding solely Parties’ actions.

  66. 66.

    For further details, see below, Sect. 4 of this comment.

  67. 67.

    For further details on the practical challenges of interpretation, see below, Sect. 4 of this comment.

  68. 68.

    As of September 2011. For a list of the Parties to the Convention in chronological order, see http://portal.unesco.org/la/convention.asp?KO=31038%26language=E.

  69. 69.

    For further details, see above, Sect. 3.1 of this comment.

  70. 70.

    For further information, see http://www.culturalpolicies.net/web/index.php.

  71. 71.

    World Commission on Culture and Development (1995). Our creative diversity. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 46–48.

  72. 72.

    Then member of the World Commission on Culture and Development and, from 1994 to 1998, Assistant Director-General for Culture, UNESCO.

  73. 73.

    UNESCO (1998). World culture report, 1998. Culture, creativity and markets. Paris: UNESCO.

  74. 74.

    Text available at http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/35220/12290888881stockholm_actionplan_rec_en.pdf/stockholm_actionplan_rec_en.pdf.

  75. 75.

    UNESCO (2000). World culture report, 2000. Cultural diversity, conflict and pluralism. Paris: UNESCO.

  76. 76.

    UNESCO (2009). UNESCO world report. Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001852/185202E.pdf, p. 28.

  77. 77.

    UNRISD/UNESCO (1997). Towards a world report on culture and development: constructing cultural statistics and indicators. Geneva: UNRISD.

  78. 78.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf.

  79. 79.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf, p. 4.

  80. 80.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf, p. 5.

  81. 81.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf, p. 5. (Emphasis added.)

  82. 82.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf, p. 8.

  83. 83.

    UNESCO (1999). Proceedings of the seminar measuring culture and development: prospects and limits of constructing cultural indicators. Conference organized by the World Bank and the Government of Italy in co-operation with UNESCO. “Culture Counts”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001191/119138eo.pdf, p. 10.

  84. 84.

    For further information, see http://www.ocpanet.org/.

  85. 85.

    UNESCO (2009). UNESCO World Report. Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001852/185202E.pdf.

  86. 86.

    Compare Anheier, H., & Raj Isar, Y. (Eds) (2007). The cultures and globalization series, vol. 1. Conflicts and tensions. London: Sage; Anheier, H., & Raj Isar, Y. (Eds) (2008). The cultures and globalization series, vol. 2. The cultural economy. London: Sage; Anheier, H., & Raj Isar, Y. (Eds) (2010). The cultures and globalization series, vol. 3. Cultural expression, creativity and innovation. London: Sage.

  87. 87.

    Compare the Roundtable on “Culture and globalization – knowledge matters” at the 4th IFACCA World Summit on Arts and Culture, Johannesburg/South Africa, 24 September 2009 (http://2009.artsummit.org; http://media.ifacca.org/files/Merkelpresentation.pdf) and the follow-up “Compendium goes international” on the occasion of the 2010 Culture Watch Europe Conference, Brussels, 6–7 September 2010 (http://www.ericarts.org/web/index.php).

  88. 88.

    See comment on Article 18 by Roland Bernecker.

  89. 89.

    Draft Operational Guidelines on Article 19 were adopted by the Intergovernmental Committee in November/December 2010: UNESCO Doc. CE/10/4.IGC/205/Dec. of 10 December 2010, Annex to Decision 4.IGC 7; the third Conference of Parties adopted these draft Operational Guidelines in June 2011 without major debate and amendments, compare UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 7.

  90. 90.

    In June 2009, the second Conference of Parties adopted Operational Guidelines on the measures to promote and protect cultural expressions (Arts 7, 8, 17), participation of civil society (Art. 11), integration of culture in sustainable development (Art. 13), cooperation for development (Art. 14), collaborative arrangements (Art. 15), preferential treatment for developing countries (Art. 16), and on use of the resources of the International Fund for Cultural Diversity (Art. 18). See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 7 and Annex to Resolution 2.CP 7, pp. 4, 17 et seq.

  91. 91.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009.

  92. 92.

    This section of the text draws extensively on ideas offered on Article 9 and 19 in the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) briefing note for national arts funding agencies on the CCD. Cf. ERICarts Institute (2010). IFACCA briefing note for national arts funding agencies: UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA). http://media.ifacca.org/files/BriefingnoteEN.pdf, pp. 13 et seq.

  93. 93.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, Decision 3.IGC 4.

  94. 94.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, Decision 3.IGC 6.

  95. 95.

    Compare for example the IFCCD position on the Draft Operational Guidelines for implementing Articles 9 and 19 of the Convention: IFCCD (2010). Position of the IFCCD on the Operational Guidelines for articles 9 and 19 of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Presentation. On file with the author.

  96. 96.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, p. 5.

  97. 97.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.IGC/INF.4 of 13 November 2007, p. 2.

  98. 98.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, p. 5.

  99. 99.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, pp. 5 et seq.

  100. 100.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, pp. 5 et seq.

  101. 101.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3. IGC/211/8 of 2 November 2009, p. 6.

  102. 102.

    Compare ERICarts Institute (2010). IFACCA briefing note for national arts funding agencies: UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA). http://media.ifacca.org/files/BriefingnoteEN.pdf, p. 7.

  103. 103.

    For links to these Drafts, see Annex of this Commentary.

  104. 104.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  105. 105.

    See the above Sect. 2.3 of this comment.

  106. 106.

    World Commission on Culture and Development (1995). Our creative diversity. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 46–48.

  107. 107.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, pp. 8 et seq.

  108. 108.

    UNESCO (1998). World culture report, 1998. Culture, creativity and markets. Paris: UNESCO.

  109. 109.

    Text available at http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/35220/12290888881stockholm_actionplan_rec_en.pdf/stockholm_actionplan_rec_en.pdf.

  110. 110.

    UNESCO (2009). UNESCO world report. Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001852/185202E.pdf, p. 256.

  111. 111.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 10.

  112. 112.

    Compare the keynote address by Professor Asmal at the Essen/RUHR.2010 Conference on 27 April 2007: Asmal, K. (2007). A risk analysis of cultural diversity. Priorities for governments and civil society—Flight of the flamingos. In C. M. Merkel, & A. Steinkamp (Eds), Cultural diversity—Our common wealth: the Essen/RUHR.2010 Bellini manual on prospects of cultural diversity (pp. 31–38). Bonn: German Commission for UNESCO.

  113. 113.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, pp. 8 et seq.

  114. 114.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p. 4. (Emphasis added.)

  115. 115.

    On this subject see also, German Commission for UNESCO (2010). Shaping cultural diversity. Recommendations for action from civil society for the implementation in and by Germany of the UNESCO Convention on the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005). White paper. http://www.unesco.de/3938.html?%26L=1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission e.V., Colmantstr. 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Christine M. Merkel

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  1. Riemannstraße 35, Leipzig, 04107, Sachsen, Germany

    Sabine von Schorlemer

  2. , Institute of for International Law, Georg August University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, Göttingen, 37073, Germany

    Peter-Tobias Stoll

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Merkel, C.M. (2012). Article 19: Exchange, Analysis and Dissemination of Information. In: von Schorlemer, S., Stoll, PT. (eds) The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_21

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