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Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Mammals

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Circadian Clocks

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 217))

Abstract

Although circadian rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior are dependent upon a biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the molecular mechanism of this clock is in fact cell autonomous and conserved in nearly all cells of the body. Thus, the SCN serves in part as a “master clock,” synchronizing “slave” clocks in peripheral tissues, and in part directly orchestrates circadian physiology. In this chapter, we first consider the detailed mechanism of peripheral clocks as compared to clocks in the SCN and how mechanistic differences facilitate their functions. Next, we discuss the different mechanisms by which peripheral tissues can be entrained to the SCN and to the environment. Finally, we look directly at how peripheral oscillators control circadian physiology in cells and tissues.

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Acknowledgments

S. A. B. is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Cancer League, and the Velux Foundation and receives additional support from the Zurich Neurozentrum (ZNZ) and Molecular Life Sciences Program (MLS). A. A. receives support from the Velux Foundation and the ZNZ. Thanks to Robert Dallmann for critical reading of the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Steven A. Brown & Abdelhalim Azzi

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  1. Steven A. Brown
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  2. Abdelhalim Azzi
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Correspondence to Steven A. Brown .

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  1. , Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universiätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin, 10115, Germany

    Achim Kramer

  2. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethestrasse 31/ I, München, 80336, Germany

    Martha Merrow

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Brown, S.A., Azzi, A. (2013). Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Mammals. In: Kramer, A., Merrow, M. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 217. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_3

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