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Geodynamic Setting and Pre-volcanic Geology of Active Volcanism in Chiapas

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Active Volcanoes of Chiapas (Mexico): El Chichón and Tacaná

Part of the book series: Active Volcanoes of the World ((AVOLCAN))

Abstract

El Chichón and Tacaná, two active volcanoes in the southeastern Mexico Chiapas state, illustrate the complexity of the magmatic systems in the Middle America Trench. Tacaná represents the northwestern end of the Central American Volcanic Arc, whilst El Chichón is the northernmost volcano of the Modern Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc. Tacaná was built on Mesozoic metamorphic and Tertiary intrusive rocks (35–13 Ma) and deposits from mid-Pleistocene calderas (1–2 Ma). El Chichón was built on folded Cretaceous to Miocene sedimentary rocks, established ~150 km north of the position of a Miocene arc that existed in the southernmost Maya block. Both the Central American Volcanic Arc and the Modern Chiapanecan Arc have been interpreted in terms of supra-subduction zones of magmatism associated with the subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath the Caribbean and North America plates. A well-defined Wadati-Benioff Zone supports such model for the Central American Volcanic Arc. Nevertheless, available data indicate that the subducted Cocos Plate does not reach the mantle region below the Modern Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc. El Chichón and the other volcanoes of the Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc are situated some 200 km above the down dip projection of the slab over a region that, based on seismic tomography, can be interpreted as a slab gap or an anomalous hot region of the mantle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico

    V. H. Garduño-Monroy

  2. Instituto de Geofísica, Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, 58090, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    J. L. Macías

  3. Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico

    R. S. Molina Garza

Authors
  1. V. H. Garduño-Monroy
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  2. J. L. Macías
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  3. R. S. Molina Garza
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Correspondence to V. H. Garduño-Monroy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany

    Teresa Scolamacchia

  2. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM- Campus Morelia, Morelia, Mexico

    José Luis Macías

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Garduño-Monroy, V.H., Macías, J.L., Molina Garza, R.S. (2015). Geodynamic Setting and Pre-volcanic Geology of Active Volcanism in Chiapas. In: Scolamacchia, T., Macías, J. (eds) Active Volcanoes of Chiapas (Mexico): El Chichón and Tacaná. Active Volcanoes of the World. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25890-9_1

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