Abstract
The increasing significance of information technology as well as application networks for varying areas, e.g. aviation and shipping as well as automobile and rail traffic are characteristic traits of an information society (cf. Harms and Luckhardt 2005). Further developments in the fields of microelectronics, computer, software and network technology, but also display technology, etc. are the driving force of this progression.
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Notes
- 1.
Information is “(…) that subset of knowledge which is required by a certain person or group in a concrete situation to solve problems and which frequently is not available. (…) If it was to be expressed in a formula information is ‘knowledge in action’” (Kuhlen 1990, pp. 13 and 14). “This is in line with the psychological concept of information in the framework of “ecological perception” (Gibson 1979); however, Gibson makes the further important distinction between the two modes “direct information pick-up” and “indirect information pick-up”, in the first mode data provide the information for action immediately, in the second case data have to be semantically processed in order to guide action. A typical example for direct information pick-up is landing a plane without instruments (Gibson, Olum & Rosenblatt 1955). In the following, the mode of indirect information pick-up will be predominant. However, e.g. the ‘intelligent’ preprocessing of the data and their display in 3-D can provide a kind of illusory direct information pick-up.” In the following the term used in relation to the term “information system” will always be “information”, knowing very well that initially “data” are stored in information systems and these data can only become “information” in interaction with the recipient.
- 2.
With regard to the publication by Madnick et al. (2009) no distinction will be made between technical and non-technical aspects within the scope of this publication.
- 3.
Committee: “Normen und Standards der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationsqualität” (Standards of the German Society for Information Quality, http://www.dgiq.de/_data/pdf/IQ-Definition/IQDefinitionen.pdf. Accessed 28th January 2010).
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Zimmer, A., Stein, M. (2012). Information Systems in Transportation. In: Stein, M., Sandl, P. (eds) Information Ergonomics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25841-1_1
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