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The Role of Phytohormones in the Control of Plant Adaptation to Oxygen Depletion

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Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

Capacity to survive the oxygen deprivation depends on a number of developmental, morphological, and metabolic adaptations in plants. Imposition of hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen) accelerates growth of shoot axial organs and stimulates formation of adventitious roots and aerenchyma in tolerant plant species. As a result, the shoot actively transports oxygen to a flooded root. Simultaneous shifts occur in the metabolism, which are particularly severe under anoxia (total absence of oxygen). A majority of these morphological and metabolic adaptations are strictly regulated by plant hormonal system. Ethylene and gibberellins control enhanced growth, leading to the emergence of shoots of tolerant plants under flooding conditions. Recent findings show Sub1 gene which is important to submergence tolerance in rice to be linked with ethylene and gibberellin signaling. Ethylene is also involved in formation of aerenchyma in oxygen-depleted environment. Auxin regulates adventitious rooting and petiole elongation. Abscisic acid inhibits growth but stimulates metabolic adaptations by induction of anaerobic stress protein gene expression. Complete flooding and particularly total anoxia block ethylene production. Application of exogenous ABA, auxin, and some other growth regulators improves plant survival during oxygen deficiency. Complicated crosstalk between phytohormones under oxygen depletion is discussed as a milestone of plant adaptation.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

ACO:

ACC oxidase

ACS:

ACC synthase

ADH:

Alcohol dehydrogenase

LOES:

Low-oxygen escape syndrome

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

    Vladislav V. Yemelyanov

  2. Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

    Maria F. Shishova

Authors
  1. Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
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  2. Maria F. Shishova
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Correspondence to Maria F. Shishova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, University Road, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Nafees A. Khan

  2. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, India, University Road, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Rahat Nazar

  3. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Noushina Iqbal

  4. , CESAM, University of Aveiro, University street 1, Aveiro, 3810193, Portugal

    Naser A. Anjum

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Yemelyanov, V.V., Shishova, M.F. (2012). The Role of Phytohormones in the Control of Plant Adaptation to Oxygen Depletion. In: Khan, N., Nazar, R., Iqbal, N., Anjum, N. (eds) Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25829-9_10

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