Abstract
Diatoms play a key role in the functioning of streams, and their sensitivity to many environmental factors has led to the development of numerous diatom-based indices used in water quality assessment. Although diatom-based monitoring of metal contamination is not currently included in water quality monitoring programs, the effects of metals on diatom communities have been studied in many polluted watersheds as well as in laboratory experiments, underlying their high potential for metal contamination assessment. Here, we review the response of diatoms to metal pollution from individual level (e.g. size, growth form, and morphological abnormalities) to community structure (replacement of sensitive species by tolerant ones). These potential effects are then tested using a large, multi-country database combining diatom and metal information. Metal contamination proved to be a strong driver of the community structure, and enabled for the identification of tolerant species like Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Eolimna minima, Fragilaria gracilis, Nitzschia sociabilis, Pinnularia parvulissima, and Surirella angusta. Among the traits tested, diatom cell size and the occurrence of diatom deformities were found to be good indicators of high metal contamination. This work provides a basis for further use of diatoms as indicators of metal pollution.
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Acknowledgements
The data used in this paper are based on the results of studies partially founded by the following programs: ANR ReSyst 08-CES-2009, EC2CO-CYTRIX (2008–2009), CNRS ACI ECCO-ECODYN (2003–006), Cemagref “PestExpo”, ESPOIR (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs), FASEP n°694, MODELKEY 511237-2 GOCE and KEYBIOEFFECTS MRTN-CT-2006-035695. The authors also acknowledge the Agence de l’eau Artois Picardie, the Agència Catalana de l’Aigua, the Duero Basin Authority (Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero, CHD), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Direction Générale de l’Eau (Département de l’Intérieur et de la Mobilité, Geneva, Switzerland), the Pearl River Water Resources Commission (PRWRC), Eric Baye (Asconit Consultants) and Paul B. Hamilton (Canadian Museum of Nature). Thanks to Marius Bottin and Elisa Falasco for useful comments and suggestions.
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Morin, S. et al. (2012). Consistency in Diatom Response to Metal-Contaminated Environments. In: Guasch, H., Ginebreda, A., Geiszinger, A. (eds) Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25722-3_5
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