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Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Environments

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Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 19))

Abstract

It has been well established that in many cases total concentration of a chemical in the environment is not the best indicator for the potential threats that the chemical may cause. The term bioavailability describes the fact that only a fraction of a chemical in the environment is available for uptake by organisms, which then determines possible biological effects. Uptake of contaminants is a complex interplay among biological, chemical, and physical factors and processes. Properties of chemicals, environmental conditions, and characteristics of the organisms and the interaction among these ultimately dictate the exposure. This chapter represents the important factors determining bioavailability of organic contaminants in both the water phase and sediment in freshwater systems. In addition, we introduce techniques to measure bioavailability by passive sampling and present modeling tools for estimations. In the end, we offer a short insight about bioavailability in risk management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu campus, 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Jarkko Akkanen, Kimmo Mäenpää, Matti T. Leppänen, Stanley Agbo & Jussi V. K. Kukkonen

  2. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim am Main, Germany

    Tineke Slootweg

  3. The Water Laboratory, 734, 2003 RS, Haarlem, The Netherlands

    Tineke Slootweg

  4. Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

    Christine Gallampois

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  1. Jarkko Akkanen
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  1. , Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, 17071, Spain

    Helena Guasch

  2. , Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain

    Antoni Ginebreda

  3. , Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universidad de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, 17071, Spain

    Anita Geiszinger

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Akkanen, J. et al. (2012). Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Environments. In: Guasch, H., Ginebreda, A., Geiszinger, A. (eds) Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25722-3_2

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