Abstract
The mutual structure, content and process of interaction between subject and object is in fact the function of “two measures” of human practice Marx identifies, through which we may find the theoretical basis for understanding the nature and position of value and unveil the intricacy of value.
Translated by: Jinyi Wang
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Notes
- 1.
Scholars have discussed whether interaction between two natural things falls into the category of value. In my view, while it is plausible to generalize the concept of value, it is not helpful to deepen our understanding of the concept, so I leave this issue to other study.
- 2.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 42, p. 96.
- 3.
Ibid., p. 97.
- 4.
Ibid., p. 125.
- 5.
Ibid., p. 125.
- 6.
Ibid., p. 95.
- 7.
К.С.Бакраджа, A Outline of History of Modern Bourgeois Philosophy, Social Sciences Press of China, 1980, p. 257.
- 8.
Ibid., p. 260.
- 9.
Russian Cyclopedia of Philosophy, Russia Cyclopedia Press, 1983, p. 765.
- 10.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 19, pp. 405–406. Boldface is mine.
- 11.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 26, III, pp. 326, 327. Boldface is mine.
- 12.
Ibid., 327.
- 13.
Bertrand Russell, Religion and Science, Commercial Press, 1982, pp. 119, 123.
- 14.
The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, Commercial Press, p. 61.
- 15.
F.C.S. Schiller, Studies in Humanism, English version, p. 198.
- 16.
This position faces both a logical and a historical challenge. Logically, considering value as what defines truth partly will lead to falsity similar to that made by Pragmatist “usefulness is truth”. Historically, the concepts of science and scientific attributes were developed later than the issue of truth. Holding scientific attributes as what defines truth partly would result in a denial of existence of the issue of truth before the establishment of science.
- 17.
Ding Renneng, “Many kinds of data cannot be averaged”, Internet resource, 2006-03-24.
- 18.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 26, II, p. 125.
- 19.
Ibid., p. 125.
- 20.
Ibid., Vol. 42, pp. 123–124.
- 21.
Ibid., p. 126.
- 22.
Ibid., p. 126.
- 23.
Ibid., p. 123.
- 24.
Ibid., Vol. 23, p. 649.
- 25.
There have been disputes about Marx’s view that Communism pertains to a society where comprehensive and free development of each individual is a fundamental principle. Some interpretations focus on the individual and stress that we should go further to deal with questions such as “what an individual ought to do to develop himself comprehensively”. However, my understanding is different. Marx’s view centers on society rather on individual. What he emphasizes, is Communism is such a social form that it is based on comprehensive and free development of each individual. As such, the point is how to reform and reconstruct society to make it a better place for people to live.
- 26.
The Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 2, p. 114.
- 27.
Ibid., p. 114.
- 28.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 23, p. 48.
- 29.
Ibid., Vol. 42, p. 72.
- 30.
Ibid., Vol. 26, III, p. 326.
- 31.
Ibid., Vol. 19, p. 406.
- 32.
Ibid., p. 406.
- 33.
Ibid., p. 406.
- 34.
Ibid., pp. 405, 406. Boldface is mine.
- 35.
Ibid., Vol. 26, III, p. 326. Boldface is mine.
- 36.
Ibid., pp. 139, 176. Boldface is mine.
- 37.
Ibid.
- 38.
Rudolf Arnheim, Arts and Optical Perception, Social Science Press of China, 1985, p. 7.
- 39.
Teng Shouyao, Description of Aesthetical Psych, Social Science Press of China, 1985, p. 14.
- 40.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 23, p. 669, note (63).
- 41.
The Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 1, p. 30.
- 42.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 3, pp. 479–480.
- 43.
The Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 1, pp. 29–30.
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Li, D. (2014). Nature of Value. In: Value Theory. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25617-2_3
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