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Das Frühgeborene

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Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung

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Zusammenfassung

Die nekrotisierende Enterokolitis ist die klinisch wichtigste gastrointestinale Erkrankung des Neugeborenen, vor allem des Frühgeborenen. Selbst in der leichten Form stellt sie stets eine Notfallsituation dar. Neben schweren perakuten entzündlichen Veränderungen der Darmwand entstehen Koagulationsnekrosen, z. T. mit Perforationen. Betroffen sind vor allem das terminale Ileum und das angrenzende Kolon. Es kann aber der gesamte Gastrointestinaltrakt von der Erkrankung erfasst werden. Bislang gibt es keine eindeutige ätiologische Erklärung für die NEK, gleichwohl sind eine Reihe von pathogenetischen Risikofaktoren bekannt. Die Beschwerden können von Magenentleerungsstörungen und einem ausladenden Abdomen bis hin zu foudroyanten und letalen Verläufen reichen. Das therapeutische Vorgehen richtet sich nach der Schwere der Erkrankung: Nahrungskarenz, Entlastung des Gastrointestinaltrakts, antibiotische Therapie bis zur operativen Revision des betroffenen Darmabschnitts. Die Mortalität ist hoch, insbesondere bei extrem früh Geborenen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Neonatalogie, Klinikum Kempten Oberallgäu gGmbH, Robert-Weixler-Str. 50, 87439, Kempten, Deutschland

    Herbert Müller Dr.

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  1. Herbert Müller Dr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Christliches Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Johannisfreiheit 1, 49074, Osnabrück, Deutschland

    Burkhard Rodeck Priv.-Doz. Dr.

  2. Abteilung Allgemeine Pädiatrie und Neonatalogie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Klaus-Peter Zimmer Prof. Dr.

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Müller, H. (2013). Das Frühgeborene. In: Rodeck, B., Zimmer, KP. (eds) Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24710-1_41

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24710-1_41

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24709-5

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