Skip to main content

Pharmacogenomics and Nanotechnology Toward Advancing Personalized Medicine

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology

Part of the book series: NanoScience and Technology ((NANO))

Abstract

The target of personalized medicine to achieve major benefits for all patients in terms of diagnosis and drug delivery can be facilitated by creating a sincere multidisciplinary information-based infrastructure in health care. To this end, nanotechnology, pharmacogenomics, and informatics can advance the utility of personalized medicine, enable clinical translation of genomic knowledge, empower healthcare environment, and finally improve clinical outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. I.S. Vizirianakis, Clinical translation of genotyping and haplotyping data: implementation of in vivo pharmacology experience leading drug prescription to pharmacotyping. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 46, 807–824 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G.S. Ginsburg, H.F. Willard, Genomic and personalized medicine: foundations and applications. Transl. Res. 154, 277–287 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Pirmohamed, B.K. Park, Genetic susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22, 298–305 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. I.S. Vizirianakis, Improving pharmacotherapy outcomes by pharmacogenomics: from expectation to reality? Pharmacogenomics 6, 701–711 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Braeckmans, S.C. De Smedt, M. Leblans, R. Pauwels, J. Demeester, Encoding microcarriers: present and future technologies. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1, 447–456 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. I.S. Vizirianakis, Nanomedicine and personalized medicine toward the application of pharmacotyping in clinical practice to improve drug delivery outcomes. Nanomedicine 7, 11–17 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A.D. Roses, Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine. Nature 405, 857–865 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Weinshilboum, Inheritance and drug response. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 529–537 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. W.E. Evans, H.L. McLeod. Pharmacogenomics, drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 538–549 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. I.S. Vizirianakis, Challenges in current drug delivery from the potential application of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine in clinical practice. Curr. Drug Deliv. 1, 73–80 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. I.S. Vizirianakis, From defining bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics to developing information-based medicine and pharmacotyping in healthcare, in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, ed. by S.C. Gad (Wiley, New York, 2007), pp. 201–228

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. Debbage, Targeted drugs and nanomedicine: present and future. Curr. Pharm. Des. 5, 153–172 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Huttenhower, O. Hofmann, A quick guide to large-scale genomic data mining. PLoS Comput Biol. 6, e1000779 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. I.S. Vizirianakis, Chatzopoulou M., I.D. Bonovolias, I. Nicolaou, V.J. Demopoulos, A.S. Tsiftsoglou, Toward the development of innovative bi-functional agents to induce differentiation and promote apoptosis in leukemia: clinical candidates and perspectives. J. Med. Chem. 53, 6779–6810 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Ahn, J. Luo, A. Berg, D. Keefe, R. Wu, Functional mapping of drug response with pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic principles. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 31, 306–311 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Lammers, F. Kiessling, W.E. Hennink, G. Storm, Nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery: current concepts and future directions. Mol. Pharm. 7, 1899–1912 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. D.B. Goldstein, S.K. Tate, S.M. Sisodiya, Pharmacogenetics goes genomic. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4, 937–947 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Loktionov, Common gene polymorphisms, cancer progression and prognosis. Cancer Lett. 208, 1–33 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J.L. Anderson, J.F. Carlquist, B.D. Horne, J.B. Muhlestein, Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics: current status, future prospects. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 8, 71–83 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Cacabelos, The application of functional genomics to Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacogenomics 4, 597–621 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. C.M. Ulrich, K. Robien, H.L. Mcleod, Cancer pharmacogenetics: polymorphisms, pathways and beyond. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 3, 912–920 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. I. Sayers, I.P. Hall, Pharmacogenetic approaches in the treatment of asthma. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 5, 101–108 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. G. Müller, Personalized prognosis and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: vision or fiction? Pharmacology 85, 168–187 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J.M. Rusnak, R.M. Kisabeth, D.P. Herbert, D.M. McNeil, Pharmacogenomics: a clinician’s primer on emerging technologies for improved patient care. Mayo Clin. Proc. 76, 299–309 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J.J. McCarthy, R. Hilfiker, The use of single-nucleotide polymorphism in pharmacogenomics. Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 505–508 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A.E. Carpenter, D.M. Sabatini, Systematic genome-wide screens of gene function. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 11–22 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S.D. Caruthers, S.A. Wickline, G.M. Lanza, Nanotechnological applications in medicine. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 26–30 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M.E. Davis, Z.G. Chen, D.M. Shin, Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 771–782 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K.K. Jain, Innovative diagnostic technologies and their significance for personalized medicine. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 14, 141–147 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. Ingelman-Sundberg, Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 and its applications in drug therapy: the past, present and future. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25, 193–200 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. K.A. Phillips, D.L. Veenstra, E. Oren, J.K. Lee, W. Sadee, Potential role of pharmacogenomics in reducing adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 286, 2270–2279 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Gabelli, Rivastigmine: an update on therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 19, 69–82 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  33. D. Bentue-Ferrer, O. Tribut, E. Polard, H. Allain, Clinically significant drug interactions with cholinesterase inhibitors: a guide for neurologists. CNS Drugs 17, 947–963 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. N.L. Henry, V. Stearns, D.A. Flockhart, D.F. Hayes, M. Riba, Drug interactions and pharmacogenomics in the treatment of breast cancer and depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 165, 1251–1255 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J.M. Hoskins, L.A. Carey, H.L. McLeod, CYP2D6 and tamoxifen: DNA matters in breast cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 9, 576–586 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. C.M. Kelly, D.N. Juurlink, T. Gomes, M. Duong-Hua, K.I. Pritchard, P.C. Austin, L.F. Paszat, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and breast cancer mortality in women receiving tamoxifen: a population based cohort study. Br. Med. J. 340, c693 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Sideras, J.N. Ingle, M.M. Ames, C.L. Loprinzi, D.P. Mrazek, J.L. Black, R.M. Weinshilboum, J.R. Hawse, T.C. Spelsberg, M.P. Goetz, Corescription of tamoxifen and medications that inhibit CYP2D6. J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 2768–2776 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. T.L. Lash, C.L. Rosenberg, Evidence and practice regarding the role for CYP2D6 inhibition in decisions about tamoxifen therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 1273–1275 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. G.E. Marchant, Small is beautiful: what can nanotechnology do for personalized medicine? Curr. Pharmacogenomics Personalized Med. 7, 231–237 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Ekins, Predicting undesirable drug interactions with promiscuous proteins in silico. Drug Discov. Today 9, 276–285 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. S.P. Gardner, Ontologies and semantic data integration. Drug Discov. Today 10, 1001–1007 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. I.S. Vizirianakis, The transformation of pharmacogenetics into pharmacogenomics reinforces personalized medicine towards pharmacotyping for improved patient care, in New Research on Pharmacogenetics, ed. by L.P. Barnes (Nova Science Publishers, Inc, New York, 2007), pp. 1–38

    Google Scholar 

  43. G. Schmitz, C. Aslanidis, K.J. Lackner, Pharmacogenomics: implications for laboratory medicine. Clin. Chim. Acta 308, 43–53 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. D.B. Goldstein, Pharmacogenetics in the laboratory and the clinic. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 553–556 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. A.M. Issa, Ethical perspectives on pharmacogenomic profiling in the drug development process. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1, 300–308 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. W.W. Weber, M.D. Caldwell, J.H. Kurth, Edging toward personalized medicine. Curr. Pharmacogenomics 1, 193–202 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  47. C. Debouck, P.N. Goodfellow, DNA microarrays in drug discovery and development. Nat. Genet. 21(Suppl.), 48–50 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  48. I.S. Vizirianakis, Pharmaceutical education in the wake of genomic technologies for drug development and personalized medicine. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 15, 243–250 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. British Pharmacological Society and the Physiological Society. Tackling the need to teach integrative pharmacology and physiology: problems and ways forward. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27, 130–133 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  50. P.K. Manasco, P. Rieser, G. Renegar, M. Mosteller, Pharmacogenetics and the genetic basis of ADRs, in Pharmacovigilance, ed. by R.D. Mann, E.B. Andrews (West Sussex, Wiley, 2002), pp. 516–553

    Google Scholar 

  51. P. Farahani, M. Levine, Pharmacovigilance in a genomic era. Pharmacogenomics J. 6, 158–161 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. B.M. Psaty, S.P. Burke, Protecting the health of the public-Institute of Medicine recommendations on drug safety. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 1753–1755 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. P.T. Fitzgerald, M.J. Ackerman, Drug-induced torsades de pointes: the evolving role of pharmacogenetics. Heart Rhythm 2, S30–S37 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. L. Belardinelli, C. Antzelevitch, M.A. Vos, Assessing predictors of drug-induced torsade de pointes. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 619–625 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. C.C. Liew, V.J. Dzau, Molecular genetics and genomics of heart failure. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 811–825 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. W.S. Redfern, L. Carlsson, A.S. Davis, et al., Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development. Cardiovasc. Res. 58, 32–45 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. R. Roberts, R. Brugada, Genetics and arrhythmias. Annu. Rev. Med. 54, 257–267 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  58. A.M. Aronov, Predictive in silico modeling for hERG channel blockers. Drug Discov. Today 10, 149–155 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. C. Napolitano, S.G. Priori, P.J. Schwartz, et al., Genetic testing in the long QT syndrome: development and validation of an efficient approach to genotyping in clinical practice. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 294, 2975–2980 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. B. Darpo, T. Nebout, P.T. Sager, Clinical evaluation of QT/QTc prolongation and proarrhythmic potential for nonantiarrhythmic drugs: the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use E14 guideline. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 46, 498–507 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. R.R. Shah, Drugs, QTc interval prolongation and final ICH E14 guideline: an important milestone with challenges ahead. Drug Saf. 28, 1009–1028 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. J.C. Hancox, M.J. McPate, A. El Harchi, Y.H. Zhang, The hERG potassium channel and hERG screening for drug-induced torsades de pointes. Pharmacol. Ther. 119, 118–132 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. N. Lee, S. Authier, M.K. Pugsley, M.J. Curtis, The continuing evolution of torsades de pointes liability testing methods: is there an end in sight? Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 243, 146–153 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. H.J. Witchel, Drug-induced hERG block and long QT syndrome. Cardiovasc. Ther. 29, 251–259 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. I. Staudacher, P.A. Schweizer, H.A. Katus, D. Thomas, hERG: protein trafficking and potential for therapy and drug side effects. Curr. Opin. Drug. Discov. Devel. 13, 23–30 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  66. E. Halapi, H. Hakonarson, Advances in the development of genetic markers for the diagnosis of disease and drug response. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2, 411–421 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. J.A. Johnson, W.E. Evans, Molecular diagnostics as a predictive tool: genetics of drug efficacy and toxicity. Trends Mol. Med. 8, 300–305 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. E. Dequeker, S. Ramsden, W.W. Grody, T.T. Stenzel, D.E. Barton, Quality control in molecular genetic testing. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2, 717–723 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. D.A. Lewin, M.P. Weiner, Molecular biomarkers in drug development. Drug Discov. Today 9, 976–983 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. A.G. Hall, S.A. Coulthard, J.A. Irving, Molecular diagnostics: a healthcare perspective. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3, 13–16 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. B.B. Spear, M. Heath-Chiozzi, J. Huff, Clinical application of pharmacogenetics. Trends Mol. Med. 7, 201–204 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. K. Sangkuhl, D.S. Berlin, R.B. Altman, T.E. Klein, PharmGKB: understanding the effects of individual genetic variants. Drug Metab. Rev. 40, 539–551 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. D. Gurwitz, A. Weizman, M. Rehavi, Education: teaching pharmacogenomics to prepare future physicians and researchers for personalized medicine. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 122–125 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. M.E. Van den Akker-van Marle, D. Gurwitz, S.B. Detmar, C.M. Enzing, M.M. Hopkins, E. Gutierrez de Mesa, D. Ibarreta, Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice: a case study of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Europe. Pharmacogenomics 7, 783–792 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. D. Gurwitz, C. Rodríguez-Antona, K. Payne, W. Newman, J.P. Gisbert, E.G. de Mesa, D. Ibarreta, Improving pharmacovigilance in Europe: TPMT genotyping and phenotyping in the UK and Spain. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 17, 991–998 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. N. Fleeman, C. McLeod, A. Bagust, S. Beale, A. Boland, Y. Dundar, A. Jorgensen, et al., The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of testing for cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol. Assess. 14, 1–157 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  77. R.A. McKinnon, M.B. Ward, M.J.A. Sorich, Critical analysis of barriers to the clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 3, 751–759 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  78. A.H.B. Wu, N. Babic, K.T.J. Yeo, Implementation of pharmacogenomics into the clinical practice of therapeutics: issues for the clinician and the laboratorian. Personalized Med. 6, 315–327 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. C.R. Flowers, D. Veenstra, The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in the era of pharmacogenomics. Pharmacoeconomics 22, 481–493 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. K. Payne, F.H. Shabaruddin, Cost-effectiveness analysis in pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 11, 643–646 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  81. W.B. Wong, J.J. Carlson, R. Thariani, D.L. Veenstra, Cost effectiveness of pharmacogenomics: a critical and systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics 28, 1001–1013 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. P. Martin, W.E. Haefeli, M.A. Martin-Facklam, Drug database model as a central element for computer-supported dose adjustment within a CPOE system. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 11, 427–432 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. S. Orphanoudakis, HYGEIAnet: the integrated regional health information network of Crete. Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 100, 66–78 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  84. M. Mäkinen, J. Forsström, M. Äärimaa, et al., A European survey on the possibilities and obstacles of electronic prescriptions in cross-border healthcare. Telemed. J. E-Health 12, 484–489 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. M.A. Keller, E.S. Gordon, C.B. Stack, N. Gharani, C.J. Sill, T.J. Schmidlen, et al., Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative: a prospective study of the utility of personalized medicine. Personalized Med. 7, 310–317 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ioannis S. Vizirianakis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vizirianakis, I.S., Amanatiadou, E.P. (2012). Pharmacogenomics and Nanotechnology Toward Advancing Personalized Medicine. In: Logothetidis, S. (eds) Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24181-9_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics