Abstract
The year 2005, under the auspices of the United Nations Organization (UNO), was celebrated as the International (or World) Year of Physics. It was as much in the memory of that Annus Mirabilis (Miracle Year) of 1905 in which Albert Einstein published his five famous papers [1–5] more than a century ago, as to honor their author himself by the whole world together. We now know the profound effects those five papers [1–5] have had not only on the development of science, in general, and physics, in particular; but also on the evolution, through these developments, of the human civilization we are enjoying today. One [1] of the five papers which Einstein wrote in the Annus Mirabilis, provided an explanation of the experimentally observed photoelectric effect [6, 7].
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Notes
- 1.
See, pages 15–22 in Chap. 2 for a detailed description of a qubit.
- 2.
It is active manipulation of the spin degree of freedom of electrons in a solid-state environment.
- 3.
For its brief description, see Appendix C on pages 269–271.
- 4.
For its brief description, see Appendix C on pages 269–271.
- 5.
- 6.
See footnote (8) on page 58.
- 7.
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Chandra, N., Ghosh, R. (2013). Introduction and Preliminaries. In: Quantum Entanglement in Electron Optics. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol 67. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24070-6_1
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