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Microbial Degradation of Polychlorophenols

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Abstract

Polychlorophenols are major environmental pollutants, and their degradation by microorganisms has been extensively studied for the purpose of bioremediation. Three different metabolic pathways for aerobic degradation of polychlorophenols have been completely worked out, revealing the metabolic diversity for these structurally similar compounds. Substituted quinols, rather than catechols, are key metabolic intermediates of polychlorophenol biodegradation. Substituted quinols and quinones are also called as p–hydroquinones and p-benzoquinones, reflecting the reduced and oxidized forms. For example, tetrachloroquinol is the same as tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone, and tetrachloroquinone is often referred as tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone. Characterization of individual enzymes has led to the discoveries of novel dechlorination mechanisms. The genes coding for the enzymes have been cloned and sequenced, and the gene organization and regulation suggest that recent gene recruitments have occurred for the degradation of some polychlorophenols.

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Acknowledgments

I began working on polychlorophenol degradation as a postdoctoral scientist with Dr. Cindy S. Orser at University of Idaho and have continued the research as a faculty member at Washington State University. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory provided me with lab space and equipment from 1992 to 1997. National Science Foundation has supported the research with grants MCB-921873, MCB-9722970, MCB-0323167 and MCB-1021148. My graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and coworkers have significantly contributed to the progress summarized here. We have collaborated with Dr. A. M. Chakrabarty’s group at University of Illinois at Chicago on 2,4,5-T degradation.

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  1. School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Life Sciences Building, Room 202, Pullman, WA, 99164-7520, USA

    Luying Xun

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  1. Luying Xun
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Correspondence to Luying Xun .

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  1. , Environmental Science Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg., Lucknow, 226001, India

    Shree Nath Singh

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Xun, L. (2012). Microbial Degradation of Polychlorophenols. In: Singh, S. (eds) Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23789-8_1

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