Challenging the Attempt to De-legitimize the Human Rights Claims of Child Soldier Victims of Genocidal Forcible Transfer

Grover, Sonja C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23614-3_4

Sonja C. Grover²

1163 Accesses

Abstract

There is, in this author’s estimation, among segments of the contemporary academic legal and social science community, NGOs such as Amnesty International and certain others in the field working on human rights/humanitarian relief efforts; a growing tendency toward attempting to de-legitimize to an extent the human rights claims of children who have (in violation of Article 2(e) of the Genocide Convention) been forcibly transferred to armed groups committing mass atrocities and/or genocide. This is implicit in the attribution of: (1) volition and (2) criminal liability (regardless the recommendation of judicial or non-judicial accountability mechanisms for these children) to certain of these child soldiers for their commission of conflict-related atrocities perpetrated as part of armed groups committing mass atrocities and/or genocide. This trend has, on the view here, reached a point where it has erroneously become considered more politically correct, more au current academically; more astute and informed; as well as more objective and dispassionately empirically informed to maintain that child soldiers who perpetrated atrocities are, in some instances at least, fully culpable from an international criminal law perspective.

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Notes

1.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
2.
Amnesty International (n.d., pp. 6-7).
3.
Amnesty International (n.d., p. 9).
4.
Amnesty International (n.d., p. 9).
5.
World Vision.
6.
ICC Warrant for Arrest of Joseph Kony (2005).
7.
Amnesty International (n.d., p. 9).
8.
Briggs (2005), pp. 108–109.
9.
Briggs (2005), pp. 1–2.
10.
Briggs (2005), p. 20.
11.
Briggs (2005), p. 20.
12.
Briggs (2005), p. 22.
13.
Briggs (2005), pp. 23–24.
14.
Briggs (2005), p. 18.
15.
Briggs (2005), p. 24.
16.
Amnesty International (1999), p. 68.
17.
Jézéquel (2006), p. 6.
18.
Cited in Briggs (2005), p. 19.
19.
Briggs (2005), pp. 21–22.
20.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (2002), Article 37.
21.
Briggs (2005).
22.
Briggs (2005), pp. 21–22.
23.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
24.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
25.
Thomas (2010), p. 94.
26.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(b).
27.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(d).
28.
Dissenting opinion ICJ Justice Mahiou in Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro (2007) at para 89.
29.
Carpenter (2009), pp. 14–29.
30.
Carpenter (2009), p. 15.
31.
Compare Carpenter (2009).
32.
Carpenter (2009), p. 14.
33.
Carpenter (2009), p. 14.
34.
Briggs (2005), p. 14.
35.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2.
36.
May (2010), p. 91.
37.
May (2010), p. 92.
38.
May (2010), p. 94.
39.
May (2010), p. 96.
40.
Dufour (2001), p. 14.
41.
Dufour (2001), p. 16.
42.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2.
43.
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2005), p. 3.
44.
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2005), p. 3.
45.
May (2010), pp. 94–95.
46.
May (2010), p. 99.
47.
Schabas (2000), p. 110.
48.
May (2010), p. 100.
49.
Genocide Convention (1951).
50.
Genocide Convention (1951).
51.
Costache (2010), p. 1.
52.
Costache (2010), p. 2.
53.
Fox (2004), p. 470.
54.
Costache (2010), p. 1.
55.
Morse (2008).
56.
Price (2004).
57.
Briggs (2005), p. 117.
58.
UN New Centre (2010).
59.
UN New Centre (2010).
60.
Worthen et al. (2010), p. 55.
61.
Costache (2010), p. 3
62.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), p. 11.
63.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), p. 6.
64.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), p. 11 at para 45.
65.
Rome Statute (2002).
66.
Prosecutor v Akayesu (1998), Summary of Judgment para 51.
67.
Statute of the ICTR (1995).
68.
Genocide Convention (1951).
69.
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2005), p. 95 para 360.
70.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), pp. 8–9.
71.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), p. 8
72.
Briggs (2005), pp. 13–14.
73.
Nordlund (2011).
74.
Fox (2004), p. 476.
75.
Fox (2004), p. 476.
76.
Genocide Convention (1951).
77.
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (2000), Article 3 (a)(c)(d).
78.
OP-CRC-AC (2002), Article 1.
79.
OP-CRC-AC (2002), Preamble.
80.
Human Rights Watch (2002).
81.
Human Rights Watch News (2002).
82.
Human Rights Watch (2002).
83.
OP-CRC-AC (2002), Preamble.
84.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990), Article 38.
85.
OP-CRC-AC (2002).
86.
OP-CRC-Ac (2002), Article 5.
87.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
88.
OP-CRC-AC (2002).
89.
Leibig (2005), p. 10.
90.
Leibig (2005), p. 2.
91.
Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
92.
Leibig (2005), p. 11.
93.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990).
94.
Leibig (2005), p. 9.
95.
Rome Statute (2002).
96.
Cape Town Principles (1997).
97.
ICC Commentary Trial Reports (5 October 2010).
98.
Gambone (2009).
99.
ICC Commentary Trial Reports (2010).
100.
Mazurana and Carlson (2006), p. 9.
101.
Leibig (2005), p. 9.
102.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 4.
103.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 7.
104.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 6.
105.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
106.
Grover (2011).
107.
Bob (2009), pp. 1–15.
108.
ICTY Prosecutor v Blagojevic, Appeals Court (2007).
109.
ICTY Trial Chamber in Prosecutor v Blagojevic, para 168; p. 63.
110.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
111.
Genocide Convention (1951), Article 2(e).
112.
Rome Statute (2002), Article 6(e).
113.
OP-CRC-AC (2002).
114.
Paoletti (2008), p. 9.
115.
Paoletti (2008), p. 3.
116.
OP-CRC-AC (2002).
117.
Paoletti (2008), p. 7.
118.
UN News Centre (2009).
119.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 1.
120.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 1.
121.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), pp. 2–3.
122.
Triffterer (1999), p. 494.
123.
Compare Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 2.
124.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 1.
125.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 1.
126.
International Committee of the Red Cross.
127.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 3.
128.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 6.
129.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 7.
130.
Grover (2011).
131.
Cited in Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (2008), p. 14.
132.
Neve (2010), p. 4
133.
Grover (2009).
134.
Rome Statute (2002).
135.
Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo (Confirmation of charges, 29 January, 2007).
136.
Thomas (2010), p. 101.
137.
Thomas (2010), p. 101.
138.
Elements of the Crime Rome Statute, (2002).
139.
Cape Town Principles (1997), Definition of child soldier.
140.
Grover (2007).
141.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990), Article 29.
142.
Warrant of Arrest for Dominic Ongwen (2005), para 5.
143.
Warrant of Arrest for Dominic Ongwen (2005), para 9.
144.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
145.
Warrant of Arrest for Dominic Ongwen (2005), para 5.
146.
Baines (2009), p. 163.
147.
Asimakopoulos (2010) p. 28.
148.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
149.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
150.
Baines (2009), p. 166.
151.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
152.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 38.
153.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
154.
Nylund and Hyllested (2010), pp. 77–78.
155.
Nylund and Hyllested (2010), p. 81.
156.
Nolen and Baines (2008).
157.
Baines (2009), p. 164.
158.
Baines (2009), p. 180.
159.
Baines (2009), p. 180.
160.
Baines (2009), p. 181.
161.
Baines (2009), p. 182.
162.
Baines (2009), pp. 182–183.
163.
Baines (2009), p. 163.
164.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 38.
165.
Oketch (2011).
166.
Oketch (2010), p. 8.
167.
Asimakopoulos (2010), pp. 49–50.
168.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 50.
169.
Agreement on Accountability and Reconciliation (2007).
170.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 57.
171.
Asimakopoulos (2010), pp. 57–58.
172.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 57.
173.
Asimakopoulos (2010), p. 58.
174.
Nussbaum (2004), p. 14.

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Sonja C. Grover

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Grover, S.C. (2012). Challenging the Attempt to De-legitimize the Human Rights Claims of Child Soldier Victims of Genocidal Forcible Transfer. In: Child Soldier Victims of Genocidal Forcible Transfer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23614-3_4

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