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Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils pp 35–79Cite as

The Role of Mineralogy and Geochemistry in Hazard Potential Assessment of Mining Areas

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 31))

Abstract

The concept of hazard in the current interpretation of the European and national regulations is directed to local and short-term effects and its assessment is based on the distribution in space of the concentration of contaminants in abiotic and biotic compartments. We expand this concept and address its limitations by describing potential hazard with full space–time dimension, i.e., from short term to long term, and from local to regional. This most straightforward technique to quantify hazard is biogeochemical and based on the scale-specific processes of metals mobility. The short-term hazard of a contaminated area (and its future hazards in different environmental scenarios) depends on the stocks of metals, on the fluxes of outgoing elements, and on the retention time of the elements (ratio between stock and sum of fluxes). Different hazard situations can result from the relative importance of the intensity of the carrier flux and the mobilization of metals by the carrier flux. The analyses of long-term hazard can relocate a contaminated site from one hazard situation to another because of changes in the intensity of the carrier flux or/and of the mobility of metals. The mineralogical aspects controlling the stocks of metals in contaminated areas and the outgoing fluxes of metals are discussed analytically by type of source and type of flux and research directions are identified. Finally, the specific example of hazard evaluation for Romanian tailing dams is presented based on the approach introduced here.

The contributions of D. Jianu and V. Iordache to the writing of this chapter were equal.

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Acknowledgments

This research was done in the Romanian Consortium for the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements with financing from National Center for the Management of Projects (CNMP) by projects 31012/2007 FITORISC and 31043/2007 PECOTOX, from National University Research Council (CNCSIS) by project 291/2007 MECOTER, and in the international consortium of the project UMBRELLA, FP7-ENV-2008-1 no. 226870. We thank to the anonymous reviewers for their criticism, which improved the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Lythos Research Center, Faculty of Geology, University of Bucharest, Bd. Nicolae Balcescu Nr. 1 Sector 1, 010041, Bucharest, Romania

    D. Jianu, B. Soare, C. Iacob & R. Orza

  2. Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    V. Iordache & A. Neagoe

  3. Laboratory of Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    L. Petrescu

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    Erika Kothe

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Jianu, D. et al. (2012). The Role of Mineralogy and Geochemistry in Hazard Potential Assessment of Mining Areas. In: Kothe, E., Varma, A. (eds) Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils. Soil Biology, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23327-2_3

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