Abstract
We commonly make decisions based on different kinds of maps, and under varying time constraints. The accuracy of these decisions often can decide even over life and death. In this study, we investigate how varying time constraints and different map types can influence people’s visuo-spatial decision making, specifically for a complex slope detection task involving three spatial dimensions. We find that participants’ response accuracy and response confidence do not decrease linearly, as hypothesized, when given less response time. Assessing collected responses within the signal detection theory framework, we find that different inference error types occur with different map types. Finally, we replicate previous findings suggesting that while people might prefer more realistic looking maps, they do not necessarily perform better with them.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahituv, N., Igbaria, M., Sella, A.: The Effects of Time Pressure and Completeness of Information on Decision Making. Journal of Management Information Systems 15(2), 153–172 (1998)
Andrews, F.M., Farris, G.F.: Time Pressure and Performance of Scientists and Engineers: A Five-Year Panel Study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 8(2), 185–200 (1972)
Baus, J., Krüger, A., Wahlster, W.: A resource-adaptive mobile navigation system. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 15–22. ACM, New York (2002)
Bertin, J.: Semiologie graphique, Mouton, Paris (1967)
Bloom, G.S.: Helicopters: How They Work (2007), http://www.helicopterpage.com/html/forces.html (last accessed June 16, 2011)
Canham, M., Smallman, H., Hegarty, M.: Using Complex Visual Displays: When Users Want More than is Good for Them. In: Mosier, K., Fischer, U. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eighth International NDM Conference, Pacific Grove, CA (2007)
Coors, V., Elting, C., Kray, C., Laakso, K.: Presenting Route Instructions on Mobile Devices: From Textual Directions to 3D Visualization. In: Dykes, J., Kraak, M.J., MacEachren, A.M. (eds.) Exploring Visualization, pp. 529–550. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)
Dillemuth, J.: Navigation Tasks with Small-Display Maps: The Sum of the Parts Does Not Equal the Whole. Cartographica 44(3), 187–200 (2009)
Fabrikant, S.I., Boughman, T.: Communicating Data Quality through Realism. In: Proceedings of GIScience 2006, pp. 59–60. Münster, Germany (2006)
Fabrikant, S.I., Lobben, A.: Introduction: Cognitive Issues in Geographic Information Visualization. Cartographica 44(3), 139–143 (2009)
Fabrikant, S.I., Rebich-Hespanha, H., Hegarty, M.: Cognitively Inspired and Perceptually Salient Graphic Displays for Efficient Spatial Inference Making. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 100(1), 13–29 (2010)
Fabrikant, S.I., Rebich-Hespanha, H., Andrienko, N., Andrienko, G., Montello, D.R.: Novel Method to Measure Inference Affordance in Static Small-Multiple Map Displays Representing Dynamic Processes. The Cartographic Journal 45(3), 201–215 (2008)
Förster, J., Higgins, E.T., Taylor Bianco, A.: Speed/accuracy decisions in task performance: Built-in trade-off or separate strategic concerns? Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes 90, 148–164 (2003)
Garlandini, S., Fabrikant, S.I.: Evaluating the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Visual Variables for Geographic Information Visualization. In: Hornsby, K.S., Claramunt, C., Denis, M., Ligozat, G. (eds.) COSIT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5756, pp. 195–211. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Gigerenzer, G.: The Adaptive Toolbox. In: Gigerenzer, G., Selten, R. (eds.) Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox, Dahlem Workshop Reports, pp. 37–50 (2002)
Hegarty, M., Smallman, H.S., Stull, A.T.: Decoupling of Intuitions and Performance in the Use of Complex Visual Displays. In: Love, B., McRae, K., Sloutsky, V. (eds.) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Washington, DC, pp. 881–886 (2008)
Hegarty, M., Smallman, H.S., Stull, A.T., Canham, M.: Naive Geography: How Intuitions about Display Configuration Can Hurt Performance. Cartographica 44(3), 171–186 (2009)
Hofer, F., Schwaninger, A.: Using threat image projection data for assessing individual screener performance. In: Brebbia, C.A., Bucciarelli, T., Garzia, F., Guarascio, M. (eds.) WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (82), Safety and Security Engineering, vol. 82, pp. 417–426. WIT Press, Wessex (2005)
Hwang, M.I.: Decision making under time pressure: a model for information systems research. Information and Management 27, 197–203 (1994)
Itti, L., Koch, C.: Computational Modelling of Visual Attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2(3), 194–203 (2001)
Jarvis, A., Reuter, H.I., Nelson, A., Guevara, E: Hole-filled seamless SRMT data V4: International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT (2008)
Johnson, E.J., Payne, J.W., Bettman, J.R.: Adapting to Time Constraints. In: Svenson, O., Maule, J. (eds.) Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Devision Making, pp. 103–1116. Plenum Press, New York (1993)
Lloyd, R.E., Bunch, R.L.: Technology and Map-Learning: Users, Methods and Symbols. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93(4), 828–850 (2003)
Payne, J.: Contingent decision behavior. Psychological Bulletin 93, 382–402 (1982)
Peters, L.H., O’Connor, E.J., Pooyon, A., Quick, J.C.: The Relationship between Time Pressure and Performance: A Field Test of Parkinson’s Law. Journal of Occupational Behaviour 5, 293–999 (1984)
Pew, R.W.: The speed-accuracy operating characteristics. In: Koster, W.G. (ed.) Acta Psychologica 30: Attention and Performance, vol. II, pp. 16–26. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1969)
Rosenholtz, R., Li, Y., Nakano, L.: Measuring Visual Clutter. Journal of Vision 7(2), 1–22 (2007)
Simon, H.: Theories of decision making in economics and behavioural science. American Economic Review 49(3), 253–283 (1959)
Simon, H.A., Larkin, J.H.: Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth then thousand words. Cognitive Science 11, 65–100 (1987)
Smallman, H.S., St. John, M.: Naive Realism: Misplaced Faith in Realistic Displays. Ergonomics in Design 13(3), 6–13 (2005)
Smallman, H.S., St. John, M., Oonk, H.M., Cowen, M.B.: Information Availabity in 2D and 3D Displays. Applied Perception 21(5), 51–57 (2001)
Smith, J.F., Mitchell, T.R., Beach, L.R.: A cost-benefit mechanism for selecting problem-solving strategies: Some extensions and empirical tests. Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance 29(3), 370–396 (1982)
Srinivas, S., Hirtle, S.C.: The Role of Motivation and Complexity on Wayfinding Performance. In: Purves, R., Weibel, R. (eds.) GIScience 2010 Extended Abstracts Volume, Zurich, Switzerland (2010)
Suter, C.: Lawinenausbildung mit mobilen Systemen. In: Unpublished Diploma Thesis at the Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland (2007)
Svenson, O., Edland, A., Slovic, P.: Choices and judgments of incompletely described decision alternatives under time pressure. Acta Psychologica 75, 153–169 (1990)
Swienty, O., Reichenbacher, T., Reppermund, S., Zihl, J.: The Role Of Relevance and Cognition in Attention-guiding Geovisualization. The Cartographic Journal 45(3), 227–238 (2008)
Tanner, W.P., Swets, J.A.: A Decision-Making Theory of Visual Detections. Psychological Review 61, 401–409 (1954)
Thomas, L.C., Wickens, C.D.: Display Dimensionality, Conflict Geometry, and Time Pressure Effects on Conflict Detection and Resolution Performance Using Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 16(3), 321–342 (2006)
Tufte, E.R.: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire (1983)
Wickelgren, W.A.: Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics. Acta Psychologica 41(1), 67–85 (1977)
Wilkening, J.: User Preferences for Map-Based Decision Making Under Time Pressure. In: COSIT 2009 Doctoral Colloquium Proceedings, Aber Wrac’h, France, pp. 91–98 (2009)
Wilkening, J.: Map Users’ Preferences and Performance under Time Pressure. In: Purves, R., Weibel, R. (eds.) GIScience 2010 Extended Abstracts Volume, Zurich, Switzerland (2010)
Zanola, S., Fabrikant, S.I., Çöltekin, A.: The Effect of Realism on the Confidence in Spatial Data Quality in Stereoscopic 3D Displays. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Cartography Conference (ICC 2009), Santiago, Chile, November 15-21 (2009) (on CD-ROM)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wilkening, J., Fabrikant, S.I. (2011). How Do Decision Time and Realism Affect Map-Based Decision Making?. In: Egenhofer, M., Giudice, N., Moratz, R., Worboys, M. (eds) Spatial Information Theory. COSIT 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6899. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23195-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23196-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)