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Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Differential Characterization/Physical Characterization

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Heparin - A Century of Progress

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 207))

Abstract

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), derived from unfractionated heparin (UFH) through different depolymerization processes, have advantages with respect to the parent heparin in terms of pharmacokinetics, convenience of administration, and reduced side effects. Each LMWH can be considered as an independent drug with its own activity profile, placing significance on their biophysical characterization, which will also enable a better understanding of their structure–function relationship. Several chemical and physical methods, some involving sample modification, are now available and are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

1 6-an.M 2:

Amino-1, 6-anhydro-2-deoxy-β-d-mannopyranose

1,6-an.A 2:

Amino-1,6-anhydro-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose

A* :

2-deoxy-3-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino-d-glucopyranose

A6S :

2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino/acetylamino-d-glucopyranose

AM.ol:

2,5-anhydromannitol

ANAc :

2-deoxy-2-acetylamino-d-glucopyranose

ANS :

2-deoxy-2-sulfoamino-d-glucopyranose

Epox:

Epoxide

G:

d-glucuronic acid

G2S :

2-O-sulfo glucuronic acid

Gal:

d-galactose

GalA:

Galacturonic acid

I2S :

2-O-sulfo-l-iduronic acid

MNS :

2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-d-mannopyranose

α-red terminal:

Reducing residue with α configuration

ΔU:

4-deoxy-α-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosil uronic acid

ΔU2S :

2-O-sulfo-4-deoxy-α-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosil uronic acid

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof Benito Casu and Dr Giuseppe Cassinelli for critically reading this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy

    Marco Guerrini & Antonella Bisio

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  1. Marco Guerrini
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Correspondence to Marco Guerrini .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom

    Rebecca Lever

  2. Standards and Control, National Institute for Biological, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Herts., EN6 3QG, United Kingdom

    Barbara Mulloy

  3. King's College London, Sackler Inst. Pulmonary Pharmacology, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Clive P. Page

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Guerrini, M., Bisio, A. (2012). Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Differential Characterization/Physical Characterization. In: Lever, R., Mulloy, B., Page, C. (eds) Heparin - A Century of Progress. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 207. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23056-1_7

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