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No charge smaller than e has yet been detected on a free particle. Recent theories propose the existence of particles called quarks having charges \(- e/3\) and \(+ 2e/3\) inside nuclear matter. Although a significant number of recent experiments indicate the existence of quarks inside nuclear matter, free quarks have not been detected yet.
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Radi, H.A., Ramussen, J.O. (2013). Electric Force. In: Principles of Physics. Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23026-4_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23026-4_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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