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Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity in Fungi pp 243–264Cite as

Morphogenesis, Growth, and Development of the Grass Symbiont Epichlöe festucae

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Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 22))

Abstract

Epichloë festucae and its asexual derivative Neotyphodium lolii are mutualistic symbionts that confer on their Festuca and Lolium grass hosts, protection from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The genetic tractability of E. festucae has led to its adoption as a model experimental system to study fungal–grass symbiotic interactions. Growth of E. festucae in Lolium perenne is both epiphytic and endophytic. Endophytic growth is characterized by hyphal tip growth and branching in the meristematic tissues but in the leaves hyphae divide and extend by intercalary growth in synchrony with the same pattern of growth of the leaves. Forward and reverse genetics approaches have shown that the NADPH oxidase (Nox) complex and MAP kinase signaling pathways are crucial for maintaining this restrictive pattern of hyphal growth in the leaves. Disruption of genes that encode components of these signaling complexes leads to proliferative (pathogenic) growth in the host and a breakdown in the symbiosis. This chapter provides an overview of morphogenesis, growth, and development of E. festucae in culture and in planta and an oversight of what is currently known about the fungal signaling mechanisms required for maintaining a balanced symbiosis.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) to the Bio-Protection Research Centre, the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund (MAU0701), Massey University, and by a Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship to GC from TEC. We thank Dimitry Sokolov and Doug Hopcroft (Manawatu Microscopy and Imaging Centre, IMBS) for technical assistance with microscopy. We also thank Carla Eaton for comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    Barry Scott, Yvonne Becker, Matthias Becker & Gemma Cartwright

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  1. , Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain

    José Pérez-Martín

  2. , Department of Genetics, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain

    Antonio Di Pietro

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Scott, B., Becker, Y., Becker, M., Cartwright, G. (2012). Morphogenesis, Growth, and Development of the Grass Symbiont Epichlöe festucae . In: Pérez-Martín, J., Di Pietro, A. (eds) Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity in Fungi. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22916-9_12

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