Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimal Allocation of Wind Turbines in Active Distribution Networks by Using Multi-Period Optimal Power Flow and Genetic Algorithms

  • Chapter
Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

In order to achieve an effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the future electrical distribution networks will need to accommodate higher amount of renewable energy based distributed generation such as Wind Turbines.

This will require a re-evaluation and most likely a revision of traditional methodologies, so that they can be used for the planning and management of future electrical distribution networks. Such networks evolve from the current passive systems to active networks and smart grids, managed through systems based on Information Communication Technology.

This chapter proposes a hybrid optimization method that aims at maximizing the Net Present Value related to the investment made by Wind Turbines developers in an active distribution network. The proposed method combines a Genetic Algorithm with a multi-period optimal power flow.

The method, integrating active management schemes such as coordinated voltage control, energy curtailment and power factor control is demonstrated on a 69-bus 11 kV radial distribution network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ault, G.W., Currie, R.A.F., McDonald, J.R.: Active Power Flow Management Solutions for Maximising DG Connection Capacity. In: Proc. of IEEE Power Eng. Society General Meeting, pp. 1–5 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boutsika, T.N., Papathanassiou, S.A.: Shortcircuit calculations in networks with distributed generation. Electric Power Systems Research 78, 1181–1191 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Celli, G., Ghiani, E., Mocci, S., Pilo, F.: A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for the sizing and siting of distributed generation. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 20(2), 750–757 (2005a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Celli, G., Pilo, F., Pisano, G., Soma, G.G.: Optimal participation of a microgrid to the energy market with an intelligent EMS. In: Proc. of the 7th International Power Engineering Conference, vol. 2, pp. 663–668 (2005b)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Currie, R.A.F., Ault, G.W., Foote, C.E.T., Burt, G.M., McDonald, J.R.: Fundamental research challenges for active management of distribution networks with high levels of renewable generation. In: Proc. of 39th Int. Universities Power Eng. Conf., vol. 2, pp. 1024–1028 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Currie, R.A.F., Ault, G.W., Foote, C.E.T., McDonald, J.R.: Active power-flow management utilising operating margins for the increased connection of distributed generation. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 1(1), 197–202 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Das, D.: A Fuzzy Multiobjective Approach for Network Reconfiguration of Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 21(1), 202–209 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Djapic, P., Ramsay, C., Pudjianto, D., Strbac, G., Mutale, J., Jenkins, N., Allan, R.: Taking an active approach. IEEE Pow. & Energy Magazine 5(4), 68–77 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dugan, R., Wacławiak, M.: Using energy as a measure of risk in distribution planning. In: Proc. of 19th Int. Conf. on Electricity Distribution, pp. 1–4 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. El-Khaltam, W., Bhattacharya, K., Hegazy, Y., Salama, M.M.A.: Optimal investment planning for distributed generation in a competitive electricity market. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 19(3), 1674–1684 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. European Commission, EUR 22040: European Technology Platform SmartGrids, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harrison, G.P., Wallace, A.R.: Optimal power flow evaluation of distribution network capacity for the connection of distributed generation. IEE Proceedings Generation, Transmission & Distribution 152(1), 115–122 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Harrison, G., Piccolo, A., Siano, P., Wallace, A.R.: Exploring the Trade-offs Between Incentives for Distributed Generation Developers and DNOs. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 22, 821–828 (2007b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Harrison, G.P., Piccolo, A., Siano, P., Wallace, A.R.: Hybrid GA and OPF evaluation of network capacity for distributed generation connections. Electrical Power Systems Research 78, 392–398 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Harrison, G.P., Piccolo, A., Siano, P., Wallace, A.R.: Distributed Generation Capacity Evaluation Using Combined Genetic Algorithm and OPF. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 8, 1–13 (2007a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. IEC 60909-1: Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems—Part 1:factors for the calculation of short-circuit currents according to IEC 60909-0 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  17. IEC 60909-2: Electrical equipment—Data for short-circuit current calculations in accordance with IEC 909 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  18. IEC 60909-3: Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems—Part 3: currents during two separate simultaneous line-to-earth short circuits and partial short-circuit currents flowing through earth (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. IEC 60909-4 : Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems—Part 4:examples for the calculation of short-circuit currents (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Keane, A., O’Malley, M.: Optimal Allocation of Embedded Generation on Distribution Networks. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 20(3), 1640–1646 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Keane, A., O’Malley, M.: Optimal Utilization of Distribution Networks for Energy Harvesting. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 22(1), 467–475 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, K.H., Lee, Y.J., Rhee, S.B., Lee, S.K., You, S.K.: Dispersed generator placement using fuzzy-GA in distribution systems. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Summer Meeting, Chicago, USA, pp. 1148–1153 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kuri, B., Redfern, M., Li, F.: Optimization of rating and positioning of dispersed generation with minimum network disruption. In: Proc. of IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, Denver, CO, pp. 2074–2078 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Liew, S.N., Strbac, G.: Maximising penetration of wind generation in existing distribution networks. In: Proc. of IEE Proc. Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 149, pp. 256–262 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Masters, C.L.: Voltage rise: The big issue when connecting embedded generation to long 11 kV overhead lines. Power Eng. J. 16(1), 5–12 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Mutale, J.: Benefits of Active Management of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation. In: Proc. of Power Systems Conf. and Exp., pp. 601–606 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Nara, K., Hayashi, Y., Ikeda, K., Ashizawa, T.: Application of tabu search to optimal placement of distributed generators. In: Proc. of IEEE PES Winter Meeting, pp. 918–923 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ochoa, L.F., Dent, C.J., Harrison, G.P.: Maximisation of intermittent distributed generation in active networks. In: Proc. of IET-CIRED Seminar SmartGrids for Distribution, pp. 1–4 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ochoa, L.F., Keane, A., Dent, C., Harrison, G.P.: Applying active network management schemes to an Irish distribution network for wind power maximisation. In: Proc. of Int. Conf. on Electricity Distribution, pp. 1–4 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Piccolo, A., Siano, P.: Evaluating the Impact of Network Investment Deferral on Distributed Generation Expansion. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 24(3), 1559–1567 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Prica, M., Ilic, M.D.: Optimal Distribution Service Pricing for Investment Planning. In: Proc. of IEEE PES General Meeting, Tampa (Florida, USA), pp. 1–7 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pudjianto, D., Castro, M., Djapic, P., Stojkovska, B., Strbac, G., Allan, R.N.: Transmission Investment and Pricing in Systems with Significant Penetration of Wind Generation. In: Proc. of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 1–3 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rau, N.S., Wan, Y.H.: Optimum location of resources in distributed planning. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 9(4), 2014–2020 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Roberts, V., Collinson, A., Beddoes, A.: Active networks for the accommodation of dispersed generation. In: Proc. of 2003 CIRED Conf., pp. 1–6 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Samotyj, M., Howe, B.: Creating Tomorrow’s Intelligent Electric Power Delivery System. In: Proc. of 2005 CIRED Conf., pp. 1–5 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Schwaegerl, C., Bollen, M.H.J., Karoui, K., Yagmur, A.: Voltage control in distribution systems as a limitation of the hosting capacity for distributed energy resources. In: Proc. of 18th Int. Conf. on Electricity Distribution, pp. 1–5 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Shafiu, A., Bopp, T., Chilvers, I., Strbac, G.: Active management and protection of distribution networks with distributed generation. In: Proc. of IEEE Power Eng. Society General Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 1098–1103 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shafiu, A., Jenkins, N., Strbac, G.: Measurement location for state estimation of distribution networks with generation. IEE Proc. Gen., Trans. and Distr. 152, 240–246 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Siano, P., Ochoa, L.F., Harrison, G.P., Piccolo, A.: Assessing the strategic benefits of distributed generation ownership for DNOs. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 3(3), 225–236 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. SUSTELNET. Review of technical options and constraints for integration of Distributed Generation in electricity networks (2003), http://www.sustelnet.net

  41. Strbac, G., Jenkins, N., Hird, M., Djapic, P., Nicholson, G.: Integration of operation of embedded generation and distribution networks. Technical Report (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Tsili, M., Papathanassiou, S.: A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms. IET Renewable Power Generation 3(3), 308–332 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Vovos, P.N., Harrison, G.P., Wallace, A.R., Bialek, J.W.: Optimal Power Flow as a tool for fault level constrained network capacity analysis. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 20(2), 734–741 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Vovos, P.N., Bialek, J.W.: Direct incorporation of fault level constraints in optimal power flow as a tool for network capacity analysis. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 20(4), 2125–2134 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Vovos, P.N., Kiprakis, A.E., Wallace, A.R., Harrison, G.P.: Centralised and Distributed Voltage Control: Impact on Distributed Generation Penetration. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 22(1), 476–483 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang, J., Cheng, H., Wang, C., Xia, Y., Shen, X., Yu, J.: Quantitive assessment of active management of distribution network with distributed generation. In: Proc. of Third Int. Conf. on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, pp. 2519–2524 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang, J., Cheng, H., Wanga, C.: Technical and economic impacts of active management on distribution network. Electrical Power and Energy Systems 31, 130–138 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Zimmerman, R.D., Gan, D.: MATPOWER – A MATLAB Power System Simulation Package, User’s Manual, School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University (1997)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy

    P. Siano & A. Piccolo

  2. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstraede 101, Aalborg, Denmark

    P. Chen & Z. Chen

Authors
  1. P. Siano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Z. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Piccolo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Toledo, MS 308 2801W Bancroft St., 43606, Toledo, OH, USA

    Lingfeng Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Siano, P., Chen, P., Chen, Z., Piccolo, A. (2012). Optimal Allocation of Wind Turbines in Active Distribution Networks by Using Multi-Period Optimal Power Flow and Genetic Algorithms. In: Wang, L. (eds) Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22904-6_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22904-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-22903-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-22904-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation