Skip to main content

An Econometric Model Based on the Maxmin Expected Utility Model: An Application to Earthquake Insurance

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Managing Safety of Heterogeneous Systems

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems ((LNE,volume 658))

  • 1024 Accesses

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the influence of ambiguity on consumers’ decision to buy a hypothetical earthquake insurance policy. Using survey data, it identifies effects of specific consumer characteristics on their decision based on the Maxmin Expected Utility (MEU) model. We develop an econometric model consistent with the MEU model derived from axioms. Our study provides three main results: First, respondents’ preferences for the insurance when faced with 1%, 5%, and 10% appraisal risk are generally inconsistent with expected utility theory. Second, respondents demanded more than a 10% reduction in insurance premium as compensation for accepting each tier of appraisal risk. Third, the required discount is greatest among men who had previously purchased earthquake insurance and had experienced earthquake damage to their houses, and the required discount increases with age and education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anscombe, F. J., & Aumann, R. J. (1963). A definition of subjective probability. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 34, 199–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barsky, R. B., Juster, F. T., Kimball, M. S., & Shapiro, M. D. (1997). Preference parameters and behavioral heterogeneity: an experimental approach in the health and retirement study. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 537–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, J., & Loomes, G. (1997). The impact of incentives upon risky choice experiments. Journal Risk and Uncertainty, 14, 155–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, S. W., & Brownson, F. O. (1961). What price ambiguity? Or the role of ambiguity in decision-making. Journal of Polit Economy, 72, 62–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binswanger, H. (1980). Attitudes toward risk: experimental measurement in rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62, 395–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binswanger, H. (1981). Attitudes toward risk: theoretical implications of an experiment in rural India. Economic Journal, 91, 869–890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F. (1995). Individual decision making. In J. H. Kagel, & A. E. Roth (Eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F., & Hogarth, R. M. (1999). The Effects of financial incentives in experiments: a review and capital-labor-production framework. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19, 7–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C., & Weber, M. (1992). Recent develop-ments in modeling preferences: uncertainty and ambiguity. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 325–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, T. A. (1987). The impact of grouped-data regression models. Journal of Econometrics, 35, 37–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, T. A. (2005). Individual option prices for climate change mitigation. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 283–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, J. S., Hartog, J., Jonker, N., & van Praag, C. M. (2002). Low risk aversion encourages the choice for entrepreneurship: an empirical test of a truism. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 48, 29–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curley, S. E., & Yates, F. J. (1986). An empirical evaluation of descriptive models of ambiguity reactions in choice situations. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 33, 397–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donkers, B., Melenberg, B., & van Soest, A. (2001). Estimating risk attitudes using lotteries: a large sample approach. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 22, 165–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einhorn, H., & Hogarth, R. (1985). Ambiguity and uncertainty in probabilistic inference. Psychological Review, 92, 433–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einhorn, H., & Hogarth, R. (1986). Decision making under ambiguity. Journal of Business 59: 225–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsberg, D. (1961). Risk, ambiguity, and the savage axioms. Quarterly Journal of Economics 75, 643–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhauer, J. G., & Venturaz, L. (2003). Survey measures of risk aversion and prudence. Applied Economics 35, 1477–1484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fellner, W. (1961). Distortion of subjective probabilities as a reaction to uncertainty. Quarterly Journal of Economics 75, 670–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, I., & Blume, M. E. (1975). The demand for risky assets. The American Economic Review, 65, 900–922.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, D., & Baron, J. (1988). Ambiguity and rationality. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 1, 149–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilboa, I., & Schmeidler, D. (1989). Maxmin expected utility with non-unique prior. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 18, 141–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gollier, C. (2001). The Economics of Risk and Time (pp. 31–32). MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Grether, D. M., & Plott, C. R. (1979). Economic theory of choice and the preference reversal phenomenon. The American Economic Review, 85, 260–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halek, M., & Eisenhauer, J. G. (2001). Demography of risk aversion. Journal of Risk and Insurance 68, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, L. P., & Singleton, K. J. (1982). Generalized instrumental variables estimation of nonlinear rational expectations models. Econometrica, 50, 1269–1286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, L. P., & Sargent, T. J. (2001). Robust control and model misspecification. The American Economic Review 91, 60–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartog, J., Ferrer-i-Carbonell, J., & Jonker, N. (2002). Linking measured risk aversion to individual characteristics. Kyklos, 55, 3–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogarth, R. M., & Kunreuther, H. (1995). Decision making under ignorance: arguing with yourself. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 10, 15–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, B. E., & Sarin, R. K. (1988). Modelling ambigity in decisions under uncertainty. Journal of Consumer Research 15, 265–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunreuther, H. J., Meszaros, R. M., Hogarth, R., & Spranca, M. (1995). Ambiguity and underwriter decision processes. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 26, 337–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ljungqvist, L., & Sargent, T. J. (2000). Recursive Macroeconomic Theory (pp. 260–261). MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • MacCrimmon, K. R., & Larsson, S. (1979). Utility theory: axioms versus paradoxes. In M. Allais & O. Hagen (Eds.), Expected Utility and the Allais Paradox. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel

    Google Scholar 

  • Mankiw, N. G. (1985). Consumer durables and the real interest rate. Review of Economics and Statistics 67, 353–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauro, C. D., & Maffioletti, A. (1996). An experimental investigation of the impact of ambiguity on the valuation of self-insurance and self-Protection. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 13, 53–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauro, C. D., & Maffioletti, A. (2004). Attitudes to risk and attitudes to uncertainty: experimental evidence. Applied Economics 36, 357–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazda, Y., Tatano, H., & Okada, N. (2005). Estimation of risk premium for disaster risk by contingent valuation method. Infrastructure Planning Review 22, 325–334 (in Japanese).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (2004). Survey on public awareness of catastrophic earthquake risks. Earthquake Insurance Research 5 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • van Praag, C. M. (1996). Determinants of Successful Entrepreneurship. Tinbergen Institute Research Series, vol. 107. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riddel, M., & Shaw, W. D. (2006). A theoretically-consistent empirical model of non-expected utility: an application to nuclear-waste transport. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 32, 131–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, W. B., & Chow, K. V. (1992). Asset allocation and individual risk aversion. Financial Analysts Journal, 48, 32–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shubert, R., Brown, M., Gysler, M., & Brachinger, H. W. (1999). Financial decision-making: are women really more risk averse? The American Economic Review 89, 381–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegal, F. W., & Hoban, J. P. (1982). Relative risk aversion revisited. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 64, 481–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1974). Who accepts Savage’s axiom? Behavioral Science, 19, 368–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunden, A. E., & Surette, B. J. (1998). Gender differences in the allocation of assets in retirement savings plans. The American Economic Review, 88, 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szpiro, G. G. (1986). Measuring risk aversion: an alternative approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, 156–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. P., Thaler, R. H., & Tversky, A. (1997). Probabilistic Insurance. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 15, 7–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, W. E. (1975). Interest rates, inflation, and consumer expenditures. The American Economic Review, 65, 843–858.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Markku Kallio for reading the draft and making many helpful suggestions. Helpful comments from anonymous reviewers and participants at the December 2009 CwU Workshop are also acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshio Fujimi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fujimi, T., Tatano, H. (2012). An Econometric Model Based on the Maxmin Expected Utility Model: An Application to Earthquake Insurance. In: Ermoliev, Y., Makowski, M., Marti, K. (eds) Managing Safety of Heterogeneous Systems. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol 658. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22884-1_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics