Abstract
Our senses are physiological tools for perceiving environmental information. Humans have at least five senses (as defined and classified by Aristotle). These senses are: sight or vision, hearing or audition, smell or olfaction, touch or taction, and taste or gustation. They are perceived when sensory neurons react to stimuli and send messages to the central nervous system. We actually have more than five senses. For example, Gibson has stated that we have both outward-orientated (exteroceptive) senses and inward-orientated (interoceptive) senses [127]. The sense of equilibrium, also known as proprioception, is one example of these other senses. Each of the sense modalities is characterized by many factors, such as the types of received and accepted data, the sensitivity to the data in terms of temporal and spatial resolutions, the information processing rate or bandwidth, and the capability of the receptors to adapt to the received data.
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Notes
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F = kx, where F is the restoring force, x is the penetration depth, and k is a stiffness value of the closest surface.
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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Saddik, A.E., Orozco, M., Eid, M., Cha, J. (2011). Haptics: General Principles. In: Haptics Technologies. Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22658-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22658-8_1
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