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Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy pp 243–287Cite as

KPFM and PFM of Biological Systems

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 48))

Abstract

Surface potentials and electrostatic interactions in biological systems are key elements of cellular regulation and interaction. Examples include cardiac and muscular activity, voltage-gated ion channels, protein folding and assembly, and electroactive cells and electrotransduction. The coupling between electrical, mechanical, and chemical signals and responses in cellular systems necessitates the development of tools capable of measuring the distribution of charged species, surface potentials, and mechanical responses to applied electrical stimuli and vice versa, ultimately under physiological conditions. In this chapter, applications of voltage-modulated atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods including Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to biological systems are discussed. KPFM is a force-sensitive non-contact or intermittent-contact mode AFM technique that allows electrostatic interactions and surface potentials to be addressed. Beyond long-range electrostatic interactions, the application of bias can lead to a mechanical response, e.g., due to linear piezoelectric coupling in polar biopolymers or via more complex electrotransduction and redox pathways in other biosystems. The use and development of PFM, based on direct electromechanical detection, to biological systems will also be addressed. The similarities and limitations of measuring surface potentials and electromechanical coupling in solution will be outlined.

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Acknowledgements

BJR acknowledges the support of UCD Research and Science Foundation Ireland (grant no. 10/RFP/MTR2855). This research was sponsored (BJR, SVK) by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.

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  1. Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    B. J. Rodriguez

  2. Materials Science and Technology Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    S. V. Kalinin

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  1. Laboratory, International Iberian Nanotechnology, Avda. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal

    Sascha Sadewasser

  2. Inst. Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland

    Thilo Glatzel

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Rodriguez, B.J., Kalinin, S.V. (2012). KPFM and PFM of Biological Systems. In: Sadewasser, S., Glatzel, T. (eds) Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22566-6_12

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