Simulation of the Errors of Refraction in the Human Eye

Abstract

This work is a review of the mechanism of refraction in the human eye, to understand the deterioration of visual acuity. It is the conclusion of a work to 10 years for recovery of the presbyopia by the first author of this chapter doing physical exercises with the extra-ocular and ciliary muscle. It was Scheiner in 1619 apud (Werner et al. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, São Paulo, Brasil 2000), who proved in his experiments, made with holes in a card, in which an object is seen in each direction at a different distance. This corresponds to say that the person sees an object as projection images multiple superimposed in different positions on the retina, then, characterizes the effect resulting from the formation of lenses, originating from the clustering of metabolic secretions trapped in the cornea or lens without any organization. Through software, it is simulated the monocular vision of an object perceived by a patient, under the effect of metabolic secretions. The simulated object can be produced by a light source or the refraction of light, which causes different effects. In the image simulation of a text written by a pencil, on a lined paper, produced by the reflection of light, the text is erased and only the guidelines are displayed, as could happen with a person. It is shown, for monocular vision, the formation mechanism of the myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia due to the accumulation of metabolic secretions in the cornea or lens, and for binocular vision, it is justified the possibility of an individual having photosensitive epilepsy due to error refraction stimulated by colored beams and variable intensity emitted by television.