Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Intelligent Computational Optimization in Engineering pp 357–394Cite as

Fuzzy Skyhook Surface Control Using Micro-Genetic Algorithm for Vehicle Suspension Ride Comfort

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 366))

Abstract

A polynomial function supervised fuzzy sliding mode control (PSFαSMC), collaborated with a skyhook surface method, is presented for the ride comfort of a vehicle semi-active suspension. The multi-objectivemicro-genetic algorithm (MOμGA) has been utilised to the PSFαSMC controller’s parameter alignment in a training process with three ride comfort objectives for the vehicle semi-active suspension, which is called the ‘offline’ step. Then, the optimised parameters are applied to the real-time control process by the polynomial function supervised controller, which is named ‘online’ step. A two degree of freedom dynamic model of a vehicle semi-active suspension system is given for passenger’s ride comfort enhancement studies and a simulation with the given initial conditions has been devised in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The numerical results have shown that this hybrid control method is able to provide a real-time enhanced level of ride comfort performance for the semi-active suspension system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Chen, Y.: Studies on SC6350C Driveline Torsional Vibration. Master Thesis, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Yi, K., Wargelin, M., Hedrick, K.: Dynamic Tire Force Control by Semi-active Suspensions. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115(3), 465–474 (1993)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Karnopp, D.C., Crosby, M.J., Harwood, R.A.: Vibration Control using Semi-Active Force Generators. Journals of Engineering for Industry, Transactions of the ASME 94, 619–626 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jalili, N.: A Comparative Study and Analysis of Semi-Active Vibration-Control Systems. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 124(4), 593–605 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Stanway, R.: The Development of Force Actuators using ER and MR Fluid Technology. Actuator Technology: Current Practice and New Developments, IEE Colloquium on (Digest No: 1996/110), 6/1-6/5 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Spencer Jr., B.F., Dyke, S.J., Sain, M.K., Carlson, J.D.: Phenomenological Model of Magnetorheological Damper. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 123(3), 230–238 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Caracoglia, L., Jones, N.: Passive Hybrid Technique for the Vibration Mitigation of Systems of Interconnected Stays. Journal of Sound and Vibration 307(3-5), 849–864 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhou, Q., Nielsen, S., Qu, W.: Semi-Active Control of Shallow Cables with Magnetorheological Dampers under Harmonic Axial Support Motion. Journal of Sound and Vibration 311(3-5), 683–706 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Emelyanov, S.V.: Variable Structure Control Systems. Nauka, Moscow (1967) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Itkis, Y.: Control Systems of Variable Structure. Wiley, New York (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Utkin, V.A.: Sliding Modes and Their Application in Variable Structure Systems. Nauka (in Russian), Moscow (also Moscow: Mir, in English) (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hung, J.Y., Gao, W., Hung, J.C.: Variable Structure Control: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2–22 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control 8(3), 338–353 (1965)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Ishigame, A., Furukawa, T., Kawamoto, S., Taniguchi, T.: Sliding Mode Controller Design Based on Fuzzy Inference for Non-Linear System. In: International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, Kobe, Japan, 28 Oct. - 1 Nov, vol. 3, pp. 2096–2101 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ishigame, A., Furukawa, T., Kawamoto, S., Taniguchi, T.: Sliding Mode Controller Design Based on Fuzzy Inference for Nonlinear Systems. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics 40(1), 64–70 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. O’Dell, B.: Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control: A Critical Review, Oklahoma State University, Advanced Control Laboratory, Technical Report ACL-97-001 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ng, K.C., Li, Y., Murray-smith, D.J., Sharman, K.C.: Genetic Algorithm Applied to Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller design. In: First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Systems: Innovations and Applications, GALESIA, September 12-14, pp. 220–225 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kung, C., Kao, W.: GA-based grey fuzzy dynamic sliding mode controller design. In: The 1998 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems Proceedings, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Anchorage, AK, USA, vol. 1, pp. 583–588 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, P.C., Chen, C.W., Chiang, W.L.: GA-Based Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Nonlinear Systems. Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal 36(3), 5872–5879 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Slotine, J.J.E., Li, W.P.: Applied Nonlinear Control. Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Lo, J.C., Kuo, Y.H.: Decoupled Fuzzy Sliding-mode Control. IEEE Transactions Fuzzy Systems 6, 426–435 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Choi, B.J., Kwak, S.W., Kim, B.K.: Design of a Single-Input Fuzzy Logic Controller and its Properties. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 106, 299–308 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Kung, C., Chen, T., Kung, L.: Modified Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems. IEICE Transactions Fundamentals E88-A(5), 1328–1334 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, J., Rad, A.B., Chan, P.T.: Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control: Part I: fuzzy switching. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 122(1), 21–30 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, C.H., Liu, H.L., Lin, T.C.: Direct Adaptive Fuzzy-Neural Control with State Observer and Supervisory Controller for Unknown Nonlinear Dynamical Systems. The IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 10, 39–49 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yau, H.T., Chen, C.L.: Chattering-free Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control Strategy for Uncertain Chaotic Systems. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 30, 709–718 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Eksin, I., Güzelkaya, M., Tokat, S.: Self-Tuning Mechanism for Sliding Surface Slope Adjustment in Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controllers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 216(5), 393–406 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Iglesias, E., García, Y., Sanjuan, M., Camacho, O., Smith, C.: Fuzzy Surface-Based Sliding Mode Control. ISA Transactions 46(1), 73–83 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Roopaeia, M., Zolghadrib, M., Meshksarc, S.: Enhanced Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 14(9-10), 3670–3681 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Holland, J.: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Krishnakumar, K.: Micro-genetic Algorithms for Stationary and Non-Stationary Function Optimization. In: SPIE: Intelligent Control and Adaptive Systems, Philadelphia, PA, vol. 1196, pp. 289–296 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Goldberg, D.: Sizing Populations for Serial and Parallel Genetic Algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, San Mateo, California, vol. 1196, pp. 70-79 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ogata, K.: Modern Control Engineering. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chen, Y.: Skyhook Surface Sliding Mode Control on Semi-active Vehicle Suspension Systems for Ride Comfort Enhancement. Engineering 1(1), 23–32 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Chen, Y., Cartmell, M.P.: Hybrid Fuzzy and Sliding-Mode Control for Motorised Tether Spin-Up When Coupled with Axial Vibration. In: 7th International Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis, New Hall, Cambridge, September 8-10 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chen, Y., Cartmell, M.P.: Hybrid Fuzzy Skyhook Surface Sliding Mode Control for Motorised Space Tether Spin-up Coupled with Axial Oscillation. In: Advanced Problems in Mechanics, 30 June - 5 July. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Slotine, J.J.E.: Tracking Control of Non-Linear Systems using Sliding Surfaces with Application to Robot Manipulations. PhD Dissertation, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Burns, R.: Advanced Control Engineering. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Passino, K.M., Yurkovich, S.: Fuzzy Control. Addison Wesley Longman, Menlo Park (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mamdani, E.H., Assilian, S.: An Experiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controller. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7(1), 1–13 (1975)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Mamdani, E.H.: Advances in the Linguistic Synthesis of Fuzzy Controllers. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 8(1), 669–678 (1976)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Mamdani, E.H.: Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Approximate Reasoning using Linguistic Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Computers 26(12), 1182–1191 (1977)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Zadeh, L.A.: Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Processes. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 3(1), 28–44 (1973)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Chen, Y., Fang, Z., Luo, H., Deng, Z.: Simulation Research on Real-time Polynomial Function Supervising PID Control Based on Genetic Algorithms. Journal of System Simulation 16(6), 1171–1174 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Coello Coello, C.A., Pulido, G.: A Micro-Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 126–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Deb, K., Goldberg, D.E.: An Investigation of Niche and Species Formation in Genetic Function Optimization. In: Schaffer, J.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 42–50. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Fonseca, C.M., Fleming, P.J.: Genetic Algorithms for Multiobjective Optimization: Formulation, Discussion and Generalization. In: Forrest, S. (ed.) Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 416–423. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Lo, K.L., Khan, L.: Hierarchical Micro-Genetic Algorithm Paradigm for Automatic Optimal Weight Selection. H  ∞  Loop-Shaping Robust Flexible AC Transmission System Damping Control Design 151(1), 109–118 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tam, V., Cheng, K.Y., Lui, K.S.: Using Micro-Genetic Algorithms to Improve Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. Journal of Communications 1(4), 1–10 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Davidyuk, O., Selek, I., Ceberio, J., Riekki, J.: Application of Micro-Genetic Algorithm for Task Based Computing. In: Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Pervasive Computing (IPC 2007), Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 140–145 (October 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Szőllős, A., Šmíd, M., Hájek, J.: Aerodynamic Optimization via Multi-Objective Micro-Genetic Algorithm with Range Adaptation, Knowledge-Based Reinitialization. Crowding and ε-Dominance 40(6), 419–430 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Sen, A.: Markets and Freedom: Achievements and Limitations of the Market Mechanism in Promoting Individual Freedoms. Oxford Economic Papers 45(4), 519–541 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Barr, N.: Economics of the Welfare State. Oxford University Press, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ehrgott, M.: Multicriteria Optimization, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin (2005) ISBN 3-540-21398-8

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. Santana-Quintero, L.V., Montaõ, A.A., Coello Coello, C.A.: A Review of Techniques for Handling Expensive Functions in Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization. In: Tenne, Y., Goh, C.-K. (eds.) Computational Intelligence in Expensive Optimization Problems, vol. 2, pp. 29–59. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Goldberg, D.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  57. Fonseca, C.M., Fleming, P.J.: Genetic Algorithms for Multiobjective Optimization: Formulation, Discussion and Generalization. In: Genetic Algorithms: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, pp. 416–423. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  58. International Organization for Standardization: Mechanical Vibration and Shock – Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration – Part 1: General Requirements, ISO 2631-1:1997 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Sayers, M.W.: Interpretation of Road Roughness Profile Data. Final Report UMTRI-96-19 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Wei, L., Fwa, T.F., Zhe, Z.: Wavelet Analysis and Interpretation of Road Roughness. Journal of Transportation Engineering 131(2), 120–130 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. International Organization for Standardization: ISO 8608:1995 Mechanical Vibration-Road Surface Profiles-Reporting of Measured Data (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Wong, J.Y.: Theory of Ground Vehicles, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  63. International Organization for Standardization: ISO/TC108/SC2/WG4 N57 Reporting Vehicle Road Surface Irregularities (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Elbeheiry, E.M., Karnopp, D.C.: Optimal Control of Vehicle Random Vibration with Constrained Suspension Deflection. Journal of Sound and Vibration 189(5), 547–564 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Ramji, K., Gupta, A., Saran, V.H., Goel, V.K., Kumar, V.: Road Roughness Measurements using PSD Approach. Journal of the Institution of Engineers 85, 193–201 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Liu, Y., Matsuhisaa, H., Utsunoa, H.: Semi-active Vibration Isolation System with Variable Stiffness and Damping Control. Journal of Sound and Vibration 313(1-2), 16–28 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Chen, Y.: Simple Genetic Algorithm Laboratory Toolbox for MATLAB (2009), http://www.mathworks.co.uk/matlabcentral/fileexchange/5882

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, 611731

    Yi Chen

Authors
  1. Yi Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Artificial Intelligence, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, 820-8502, Izuka-Shi, Fukuoka, Japan

    Mario Köppen

  2. School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B4 7ET, Birmingham, U.K.

    Gerald Schaefer

  3. Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, P.O. Box 2259, 98071-2259, Auburn, Washington, USA

    Ajith Abraham

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chen, Y. (2011). Fuzzy Skyhook Surface Control Using Micro-Genetic Algorithm for Vehicle Suspension Ride Comfort. In: Köppen, M., Schaefer, G., Abraham, A. (eds) Intelligent Computational Optimization in Engineering. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 366. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21705-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21705-0_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21704-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21705-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation