Abstract
In the introduction, the potential effect of residual stresses (RS) on the fatigue behavior has been discussed extensively. In this work, systematic residual stress investigations were performed evaluating RS depth profiles, tangential and axial stresses, homogeneity around the specimen circumference, mechanical removal of highly stressed layers and relaxation phenomena.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hiebler H (ed) (1992) Gmelin handbook of inorganic chemistry. Practice of Steelmaking 4, vol 10, 8th edn. Springer, Berlin
Tokaji K, Ko H-N, Nakajima M, Itoga H (2003) Effects of humidity on crack initiation mechanism and associated S–N characteristics in very high strength steels. Mater Sci Eng A A345:197–206
Murakami Y, Yokoyama NN, Nagata J (2002) Mechanism of fatigue failure in ultralong life regime. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 25:735–746
Marsoner S, Ebner R, Liebfahrt W, Jeglitsch F (2002) Ermüdungsfestigkeit hochfester ledeburitischer PM-Werkzeugstähle. HTM 57:283–289
Marsoner S, Ebner R, Liebfahrt W (2003) Influence of inclusion content and residual stresses on SN curves of PM tool steels. BHM 148:176–181
Ritchie RO, Chang VA, Paton NE (1979) Influence of retained austenite on fatigue crack propagation in HP 9-4920 high strength alloy steel. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 1:107–121
Kulmburg A (1998) The microstructure of tool steels—an overview for the practice. Part I: classification, systematics and heat treatment of tool steels. Prakt Metallogr Pr M 35:180–202
Osen IS (2004) Influence of the coarseness of carbides on mechanical properties of cold work tool steels. In: Proceedings of Euro PM 2004, vol 5, pp 387–392
Berns H, Trojahn W (1985) Einfluss der Wärmebehandlung auf das Ermüdungsverhalten ledeburitischer Kaltarbeitsstähle. VDI-Z 127:889–892
Berns H, Lueg J, Trojahn W, Wähling R, Wisell H (1987) The fatigue behavior of conventional and powder metallurgical high speed steels. Powder Metall Int 19:22–26
Fukaura K, Yokoyama Y, Yokoi D, Tsujii N, Ono K (2004) Fatigue of cold-work tool steels: effect of heat treatment and carbide morphology on fatigue crack formation, life, and fracture surface observations. Met Mat Trans A 35A:1289–1300
Meurling F, Melander A, Tidesten M, Westin L (2001) Influence of carbide and inclusion contents on the fatigue properties of high speed steels and tool steels. Int J Fatigue 23:215–224
Kral C, Lengauer W, Rafaja D, Ettmayer P (1998) Critical review on the elastic properties of transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. J Alloys Compd 265:215–233
Pernegger W (1968) Untersuchung von Me7C3 Karbiden und von daraus hergestellten Hartmetallen. Dissertation, Vienna University of Technology
Roberts G, Krauss G, Kennedy R (1998) Tool steels, 5th edn. ASM, Metals Park
Roberts GA, Hamaker JC Jr, Johnson AR (1962) Tool steels, 3rd edn. ASM, Metals Park
Kulmburg A, Svoboda K (1971) Untersuchungen über Karbidausscheidungen in maßänderungsarment, niedriglegierten Kaltarbeitsstählen. HTM 26:34–41
Averbach BL, Kulin SA, Cohen M (1949) The effect of plastic deformation on solid reactions, part II: the effect of applied stress on the martensite reactions. Cold working of metals. ASM, Metals Park
Wilker H (2004) Band 3: Weibull-Statistik in der Praxis. Leitfaden zur Zuverlässigkeits-ermittlung technischer Produkte, Lauffen am Neckar, Germany; Norderstedt
Masaki K, Ochi Y, Matsumura T (2004) Initiation and propagation behaviour of fatigue cracks in hard-shot peened Type 316L steel in high cycle fatigue. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 27:1137–1145
Macherauch E, Hauk V (1983) Eigenspannungen: Entstehung-Messung-Bewertung. Bd.1, pp 42ff
Mughrabi H (2002) On multi-stage fatigue life diagrams and the relevant life-controlling mechanism in ultrahigh-cycle fatigue. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 25:755–764
Borbély A, Mughrabi H, Eisenmeier G, Höppel HW (2002) A finite element modelling study of strain localization in the vicinity of near-surface cavities as a cause of subsurface fatigue crack initiation. Int J Fracture 115:227–232
Naito T, Ueda H, Kikuchi M (1984) Fatigue behavior of carburized steel with internal oxides and nonmartensitic microstructure near the surface. Met Trans A 15A:1431–1436
Jesner G, Pippan R, Marsoner S, Haeussler K (2008) Fatigue behaviour of a high performance PM-tool steel for cold forging applications. In: Proceedings of EuroPM 2008, Mannheim, Germany
Furuya Y, Matsuoka S (2002) Improvement of gigacycle fatigue properties by modified ausforming in 1600 and 2000 MPa-class low-alloy steel. Metall Mater Trans A 33A:3421–3431
Shiozawa K, Morii Y, Nishino S, Lu L (2006) Subsurface crack initiation and propagation mechanism in high-strength steel in a very high cycle fatigue regime. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 28:1521–1532
Stickler R, Weiss B (1982) Review of the application of ultrasonic fatigue test methods for the determination of crack growth and threshold behavior of metallic materials. Ultrasonic fatigue. TMS-AIME, Warrendale, pp 135–171
Shiina T, Nakamura T, Noguchi T (2004) A fractographic comparison between fatigue crack propagation of surface-originating fractures in vacuum and interior-originating fractures on high strength steel. In: VHCF-3: Proceedings of the third international conference on very high cycle fatigue, pp 48–55
Isida M, Noguchi H (1984) Tension of a plate containing an embedded elliptical crack. Eng Fract Mech 20:387–408
Nisitani H, Chen DH (1984) Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng 50(453):1077–1082
Furuya Y, Matsuoka S (2004) Gigacycle fatigue properties of a modified-ausformed Si-Mn steel and effects of microstructure. Met Mat Trans A 35A:1715–1723
Kulmburg A (1998) The microstructure of tool steels—an overview for the practice. Part 2: particular microstructural features of the individual groups of steels. Pract Metallogr 35:267–279
Kulmburg A, Korntheuer F (1976) Das Umwandlungsverhalten von Schnellarbeitsstählen bei kontinuierlicher Abkühlung. BHM 121:251–258
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sohar, C.R. (2011). Results and Discussion. In: Lifetime Controlling Defects in Tool Steels. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21646-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21646-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21645-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21646-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)