Abstract
Distributed Generation (DG) systems are being increasingly favored for meeting the ever-growing demands of electrical energy and smart grids. Today’s DG technologies include energy sources such as conventional diesel/gas reciprocating engines, combustion turbine, combined cycle turbine, low-head hydro, fuel cells as well as renewable sources like photovoltaic and wind energy. While some of these technologies make use of rotating machines, others employ a power electronic inverter to derive utility grade ac power from the primary energy source. Integration of several diverse DG technologies with a utility to form a micro grid system is seen as a key constituent of a smart grid in providing a secure, efficient and clean energy distribution to the customers with established levels of quality and reliability.
Each DG in the micro grid system contains a generation controller consisting of active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage droop controllers. These enable a decentralized operation of the micro grid system without any communication between the DGs. This chapter investigates the dynamic behavior for micro grid systems in series (or chain) and parallel configurations of n DGs in the form of eigenvalue analysis. Guidelines are provided for design of the active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage controllers to meet the IEEE 1547 performance specifications as well as the sufficient conditions for stability of the micro grid system.
The synthesis of micro grid systems presented in this chapter also includes design recommendations for a practical scenario like non-zero R/X ratio that is typical in low voltage distribution systems. The micro grid system models developed in this chapter can also be applied elsewhere to investigate the impact of high penetration of distributed generation on the stability of interconnected power systems.
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Illindala, M.S. (2012). Synthesis of Droop-Based Distributed Generators in a Micro Grid System. In: Keyhani, A., Marwali, M. (eds) Smart Power Grids 2011. Power Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21578-0_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21578-0_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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