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Improving Biomass Sugar Utilization by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Microbial Stress Tolerance for Biofuels

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 22))

Abstract

The efficient utilization of all available sugars in lignocellulosic biomass, which is more abundant than available commodity crops and starch, represents one of the most difficult technological challenges for the production of bioethanol. The well-studied yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has played a traditional and major role in industrial bioethanol production due to its high fermentation efficiency. Although S. cerevisiae can effectively convert hexose sugars, such as glucose, mannose, and galactose, into ethanol, it is limited to utilize pentose sugars, including xylose and arabinose, leading to low ethanol yields from lignocellulosic biomass. Numerous approaches for enhancing the conversion of pentose sugars to ethanol have been examined, particularly those involving metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae. In this chapter, recent progress in several promising strategies, including genetic recombination of xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylose isomerase, genetic engineering and evolutionary engineering, characterization of xylose transporters, and approaches toward understanding of molecular mechanisms for xylose utilization are discussed, with particular focus on xylose-utilizing strains of engineered S. cerevisiae.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Drs. Shinichi Yano, Katsuji Murakami, Hiroyuki Inoue, Kenichiro Tsukahara, and Ohgiya Satoru (AIST), Keisuke Makino, Tsutomu Kodaki, Seiya Watanabe (Kyoto University), Takeshi Mizuno, Takafumi Yamashino (Nagoya University), and Mr. Osamu Takimura for helpful discussions. This study was supported in part by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan to AM and SS; and NIFA National Research Initiative Grant Award Project 2006-35504-17359 to ZLL.

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  1. Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan

    Akinori Matsushika & Shigeki Sawayama

  2. National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Z. Lewis Liu & Jaewoong Moon

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  1. Akinori Matsushika
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  2. Z. Lewis Liu
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  3. Shigeki Sawayama
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  4. Jaewoong Moon
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Correspondence to Akinori Matsushika .

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  1. USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utiliza USDA-ARS, PEORIA, Illinois, USA

    Zonglin Lewis Liu

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Matsushika, A., Liu, Z.L., Sawayama, S., Moon, J. (2012). Improving Biomass Sugar Utilization by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In: Liu, Z. (eds) Microbial Stress Tolerance for Biofuels. Microbiology Monographs, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21467-7_6

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