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Progress in Parasitology pp 79–91Cite as

Neonatal Porcine Coccidiosis

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Part of the book series: Parasitology Research Monographs ((Parasitology Res. Monogr.,volume 2))

Abstract

Isospora suis, the causative agent of porcine neonatal coccidiosis (isosporosis), was identified as an important pathogen of pigs only in the 1970s with the intensification of pig production in industrialised countries. The parasite is diagnosed with high prevalences in neonatal piglets and is associated with considerable economic problems due to diarrhoea and subsequent weight loss. While details of the life cycle and the more general features of the parasite have been described in detail, little is known about the host–parasite interplay which determines clinical and pathological outcome as well as the development of immunity. The dynamics of transmission and the pathogenesis of the disease are poorly understood, as are phenomena such as age resistance to the disease in piglets older than 3 weeks. In recent studies infection models mimicking the natural situation have been established for research on the host–parasite interactions and population dynamics of I. suis. The results indicate complex actions of the developing immune system in porcine neonates involving both innate and acquired immunity in the control of the parasite. Interactions of the parasite with the gut flora of the fast-developing neonatal pig are still not resolved, although an increase of clostridiosis is implied in outbreaks of isosporosis with increased mortality. Treatment with coccidiocides considerably improves piglet health; however, sustainable control regimes are still to be developed. New technologies like custom-made species-specific commercial immunological assays, in vitro propagation of I. suis in suitable host cells, genotyping of both host and parasite and the use of germ-free piglets for defined infection models will throw light on the unresolved questions surrounding I. suis and porcine coccidiosis.

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  1. Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria

    Hanna Lucia Worliczek & Anja Joachim

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  1. Hanna Lucia Worliczek
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  1. Department of Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology,, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

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Worliczek, H.L., Joachim, A. (2011). Neonatal Porcine Coccidiosis. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Progress in Parasitology. Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_5

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