Abstract
Dealing with Network Address Translators (NATs) is a central problem in many peer-to-peer applications on the Internet today. However, most analytical models of overlay networks assume the underlying network to be a complete graph, an assumption that might hold in evaluation environments such as PlanetLab but turns out to be simplistic in practice. In this work we introduce an analytical network model where a fraction of the communication links are unavailable due to NATs. We investigate how the topology induced by the model affects the performance of ring based DHTs. We quantify two main performance issues induced by NATs namely large lookup inconsistencies and increased break-up probability, and suggest how theses issues can be addressed. The model is evaluated using discrete based simulation for a wide range of parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D’Acunto, L., Pouwelse, J., Sips, H.: A measurement of NAT and firewall characteristics in peer-to-peer systems. In: Gevers, T., Bos, H., Wolters, L. (eds.) Proc. 15-th ASCI Conference, pp. 1–5. Advanced School for Computing and Imaging (ASCI), P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands (June 2009)
Dale, C., Liu, J.: apt-p2p: A peer-to-peer distribution system for software package releases and updates. In: IEEE INFOCOM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (April 2009)
Freedman, M.J., Lakshminarayanan, K., Rhea, S., Stoica, I.: Non-transitive connectivity and DHTs. In: WORLDS 2005: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Real, Large Distributed Systems, pp. 55–60. USENIX Association, Berkeley (2005)
Huang, Y., Fu, T.Z., Chiu, D.M., Lui, J.C., Huang, C.: Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale p2p-vod system. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 38(4), 375–388 (2008)
Jimenez, R., Osmani, F., Knutsson, B.: Connectivity properties of mainline BitTorrent DHT nodes. In: IEEE Ninth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, P2P 2009, pp. 262–270 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/P2P.2009.5284530
Kermarrec, A.M., Pace, A., Quema, V., Schiavoni, V.: NAT-resilient gossip peer sampling. In: International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, vol. 0, pp. 360–367 (2009)
Krishnamurthy, S., El-Ansary, S., Aurell, E.A., Haridi, S.: An analytical study of a structured overlay in the presence of dynamic membership. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 16, 814–825 (2008)
Li, B., Qu, Y., Keung, Y., Xie, S., Lin, C., Liu, J., Zhang, X.: Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance Implications. In: The 27th Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2008. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2008)
Liu, Y., Pan, J.: The impact of NAT on BitTorrent-like p2p systems. In: IEEE Ninth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, P2P 2009, pp. 242–251 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/P2P.2009.5284521
Maymounkov, P., Mazieres, D.: Kademlia: A peer-to-peer information system based on the xor metric (2002)
Mejías, B., Van Roy, P.: The relaxed-ring: a fault-tolerant topology for structured overlay networks. Parallel Processing Letters 18(3), 411–432 (2008)
Rhea, S., Godfrey, B., Karp, B., Kubiatowicz, J., Ratnasamy, S., Shenker, S., Stoica, I., Yu, H.: OpenDHT: A public DHT service and its uses (2005), citeseer.ist.psu.edu/rhea05opendht.html
Roverso, R., El-Ansary, S., Haridi, S.: NATCracker: NAT combinations matter. In: International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 1–7 (2009)
Shafaat, T.M., Moser, M., Schütt, T., Reinefeld, A., Ghodsi, A., Haridi, S.: Key-based consistency and availability in structured overlay networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Scalable Information Systems (Infoscale 2008). ACM, New York (June 2008)
Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, F., Balakrishnan, H.: Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGCOMM Conference, pp. 149–160 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ardelius, J., Mejías, B. (2011). Modeling the Performance of Ring Based DHTs in the Presence of Network Address Translators. In: Felber, P., Rouvoy, R. (eds) Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems. DAIS 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6723. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21387-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21387-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21386-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21387-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)