Advertisement

Biofilms and Implication in Medical Devices in Humans and Animals

  • Samuel J. HooperEmail author
  • Steven L. Percival
  • Christine A. Cochrane
  • David W. Williams
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Series on Biofilms book series (BIOFILMS, volume 6)

Abstract

The increasing use of medical devices in modern medicine, from surgical sutures to indwelling tubes for feeding or catheterization, has been accompanied by a rise in device-related infections. Many such devices provide an ideal surface to which microorganisms can attach and form biofilms. Biofilm infections are extremely difficult to eradicate and, therefore, are a serious concern, often associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This chapter aims to describe some of the processes behind the development of biofilms on medical devices, and provide examples of biofilm-related infections from human and veterinary medicine.

Keywords

Medical Device Patent Ductus Arteriosus Suture Material Peritoneal Catheter Conditioning Film 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Ahern BJ, Richardson DW, Boston RC, Schaer TP (2010) Orthopedic infections in equine long bone fractures and arthrodeses treated by internal fixation: 192 cases (1990–2006). Vet Surg 39(5):588–593PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Amoroso PF, Adams RJ, Waters MG, Williams DW (2006) Titanium surface modification and its effect on the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 17:633–637PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Anderson GG, O’Toole GA (2008) Innate and induced resistance mechanisms of bacterial biofilms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 322:85–105PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Arber N, Pras E, Copperman Y et al (1994) Pacemaker endocarditis. Report of 44 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 73:299–305Google Scholar
  5. Arciola CR (2009) New concepts and new weapons in implant infections. Int J Artif Organs 32(9):533–536PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Bach A, Just A, Berthold H, Ehmke H, Kirchheim H, Borneff-Lipp M, Sonntag HG (1998) Catheter-related infections in long-term catheterized dogs. Observations on pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and antibiotic lock technique. Zentralbl Bakteriol 288(4):541–552PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Baddour LM, Bettmann MA, Bolger AF et al (2003) Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections. Circulation 108:2015–2031PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Barsanti JA, Blue J, Edmunds J (1985) Urinary tract infection due to indwelling bladder catheters in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187(4):384–388PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Behlau I, Gilmore MS (2008) Microbial biofilms in ophthalmology and infectious disease. Arch Ophthalmol 126(11):1572–1581PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Blomstedt B, Osterberg B, Bergstrand A (1977) Suture material and bacterial transport. An experimental study. Acta Chir Scand 143(2):71–73Google Scholar
  11. Bluhm G (1985) Pacemaker infections. A clinical study with special reference to prophylactic use of some isoxazolyl penicillins. Acta Med Scand Suppl 699:1–62PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Bonifait L, Grignon L, Grenier D (2008) Fibrinogen induces biofilm formation by Streptococcus suis and enhances its antibiotic resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(15):4969–4972Google Scholar
  13. Bubenik LJ, Hosgood GL, Waldron DR, Snow LA (2007) Frequency of urinary tract infection in catheterized dogs and comparison of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with urinary tract infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231(6):893–899PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Busscher HJ, Rinastiti M, Siswomihardjo W, van der Mei HC (2010) Biofilm formation on dental restorative and implant materials. J Dent Res 89(7):657–665PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Chu CC, Williams DF (1984) Effects of physical configuration and chemical structure of suture materials on bacterial adhesion. A possible link to wound infection. Am J Surg 147(2):197–204Google Scholar
  16. Clutterbuck AL, Woods EJ, Knottenbelt DC et al (2007) Biofilms and their relevance to veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol 121:1–17Google Scholar
  17. Coenye T, Peeters E, Nelis HJ (2007) Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased production of putative virulence factors. Res Microbiol 158(4):386–392, Epub 2007 Feb 21PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Cohen MI, Bush DM, Gaynor JW et al (2002) Pediatric pacemaker infections: twenty years of experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 124:821–827PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Costerton JW, Montanaro L, Arciola CR (2005) Biofilm in implant infections: its production and regulation. Int J Artif Organs 28(11):1062–1068PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Darke PG, McAreavey D, Been M (1989) Transvenous cardiac pacing in 19 dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 30:491–499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Darouiche RO (2004) Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. N Engl J Med 350(14):1422–1429Google Scholar
  22. Dasgupta MK, Costerton JW (1989) Significance of biofilm adherent bacterial microcolonies on Tenckhoff catheters of CAPD patients. Blood Purif 7:144–155PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Dautle MP, Ulrich RL, Hughes TA (2002) Typing and subtyping of 83 clinical isolates purified from surgically implanted silicone feeding tubes by random amplified polymorphic DNA amplification. J Clin Microbiol 40:414–421PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Dautle MP, Wilkinson TR, Gauderer MW (2003) Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from silicon gastronomy devices. J Pediatr Surg 38(2):216–220Google Scholar
  25. Davis LE, Cook G, Costerton JW (2002) Biofilm on ventriculo-peritoneal shunt tubing as a cause of treatment failure in coccidioidal meningitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8(4):376–379PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. del Rio A, Anguera I, Miro JM et al (2003) Surgical treatment of pacemaker and defibrillator lead endocarditis: the impact of electrode lead extraction on outcome. Chest 124:1451–1459PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Domenech O, Santilli R, Pradelli D et al (2005) The implantation of a permanent transvenous endocardial pacemaker in 42 dogs: a retrospective study. Med Sci Monit 11:BR168–BR175PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Donlan RM (2001a) Biofilms and device-associated infections. Emerg Infect Dis 7(2):277–281PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Donlan RM (2001b) Biofilm formation: a clinically relevant microbiological process. Clin Infect Dis 33:1387–1392PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Esteban J, Molina-Manso D, Spiliopoulou I, Cordero-Ampuero J, Fernández-Roblas R, Foka A, Gómez-Barrena E (2010) Biofilm development by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from retrieved orthopedic prostheses. Acta Orthop 81(6):674–679PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Everett WG (1970) Suture materials in general surgery. Prog Surg 8:14–37Google Scholar
  32. Fedtke I, Götz F, Peschel A (2004) Bacterial evasion of innate host defenses – the Staphylococcus aureus lesson. Int J Med Microbiol 294(2–3):189–194PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Fine DM, Tobias AH (2007) Cardiovascular device infections in dogs: report of 8 cases and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 21(6):1265–1271Google Scholar
  34. Flemming HC, Wingender J (2010) The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8(9):623–633PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Gorman SP, Mawhinney WM, Adair CG, Issouckis M (1993) Confocal laser scanning microscopy of peritoneal catheter surfaces. J Med Microbiol 38:411–417PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Gustilo RB, Gruninger RP, Davis T (1987) Classification of type III (severe) open fractures relative to treatment and results. Orthopedics 10(12):1781–1788PubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Hetrick EM, Schoenfisch MH (2006) Reducing implant-related infections: active release strategies. Chem Soc Rev 35(9):780–789PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Hill D, Rose B, Pajkos A, Robinson M, Bye P, Bell S, Elkins M, Thompson B, Macleod C, Aaron SD, Harbour C (2005) Antibiotic susceptabilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates derived from patients with cystic fibrosis under aerobic, anaerobic, and biofilm conditions. J Clin Microbiol 43(10):5085–5090PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Jakubovics NS (2010) Talk of the town: interspecies communication in oral biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 25(1):4–14PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Johnson DH (2010) Endoscopic intubation of exotic companion mammals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 13(2):273–289PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Karchmer AW, Longworth DL (2003) Infections of intracardiac devices. Cardiol Clin 21:253–271PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Kodjikian L, Burillon C, Rogues C et al (2003) Bacterial adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to intraocular lenses: a bioluminescence and scanning electron microscopy study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44(10):4388–4394Google Scholar
  43. Kodjikian L, Burillon C, Rogues C et al (2004) Intraocular lenses, bacterial adhesion and endophthalmitis prevention: a review. Biomed Mater Eng 14(4):395–409Google Scholar
  44. Kuijer R, Jansen EJ, Emans PJ et al (2007) Assessing infection risk in implanted tissue-engineered devices. Biomaterials 28(34):5148–5154Google Scholar
  45. Kunin CM (1987) Detection, prevention and management of urinary tract infections, 4th edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, pp 245–288Google Scholar
  46. Laguno M, Miro O, Font C et al (1998) Pacemaker-related endocarditis. Report of 7 cases and review of the literature. Cardiology 90:244–248PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Lees GF (1996) Use and misuse of indwelling urethral catheters. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 26(3):499–505PubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. Lemire GG, Morin JE, Dobell AR (1975) Pacemaker infections: a 12-year review. Can J Surg 18:181–184PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Lin CT, Hu CK, Liu CH, Yeh LS (2007) Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases. J Vet Med Sci 69(8):847–850Google Scholar
  50. Machado JD, Suen VM, Figueiredo JF, Marchini JS (2009) Biofilms, infection, and parenteral nutrition therapy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 33(4):397–403PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Marquette CH, Mensier E, Copin MC et al (1995) Experimental models of tracheobronchial stenoses: a useful tool for evaluating airway stents. Ann Thorac Surg 60:651–656PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Marquette CH, Copin MC, Wallet F et al (1996) Relationship between microbiologic and histologic features in bacterial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:1784–1787PubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. McDermid KP, Morck DW, Olson ME, Boyd ND, Khoury AF, Dasgupta MK et al (1993) A porcine model of Staphylococcus epidermidis catheter-associated infection. J Infect Dis 168:897–903PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Osterberg B, Blomstedt B (1979) Effect of suture materials on bacterial survival in infected wounds. An experimental study. Acta Chir Scand 145(7):141–144Google Scholar
  55. Oyama MA, Sisson DD, Lehmkuhl LB (2001) Practices and outcome of artificial cardiac pacing in 154 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 15:229–239PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Pneumatikos IA, Dragoumanis CK, Bouros DE (2009) Ventilator-associated pneumonia or endotracheal tube-associated pneumonia? Anesthesiology 110:673–680PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Provost PJ, Ortenburger AI, Caron JP (1989) Silicone ocular prosthesis in horses: 11 cases (1983–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 194(12):1764–1766Google Scholar
  58. Ramirez P, Ferrer M, Torres A (2007) Prevention measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a new focus on the endotracheal tube. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20:190–197PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Read RR, Eberwin P, Dasgupta MK, Grant SK, Lam K, Nickel C et al (1989) Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: bacterial colonization by biofilm spread along the catheter surface. Kidney Int 35:614–621PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Safdar N, Kluger DM, Maki DG (2002) A review of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by percutaneously inserted, noncuffed central venous catheters: implications for preventive strategies. Medicine (Baltimore) 81(6):466–479CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Schinabeck MK, Ghannoum MA (2006) Biofilm-related indwelling medical device infections. In: Pace JL, Rupp ME, Finch RG, editors. Biofilms, Infections, and Antimicrobial Therapy. CRC Press. pp 39–50Google Scholar
  62. Selvig KA, Biagotti GR, Leknes et al (1998) Oral tissue reactions to suture materials. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 18(5):474–487Google Scholar
  63. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Woodfield J et al (1991) Permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation in forty dogs. J Vet Intern Med 5:322–331PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Stickler DJ (2008) Bacterial biofilms in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Nat Clin Pract Urol 5(11):598–608PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Tan RH, Dart AJ, Dowling BA (2003) Catheters: a review of the selection, utilisation and complications of catheters for peripheral venous access. Aust Vet J 81(3):136–139PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Taylor WM, Grady AW (1998) Catheter-tract infections in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with indwelling intravenous catheters. Lab Anim Sci 48:448–454PubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. Trimbos JB, Brohim R, van Rijssel EJ (1989) Factors relating to the volume of surgical knots. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 30(4):355–359Google Scholar
  68. Venditti M (2009) Clinical aspects of invasive candidiasis: endocarditis and other localized infections. Drugs 69(Suppl 1):39–43PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. Wermert D, Marquette CH, Copin MC et al (1998) Influence of pulmonary bacteriology and histology on the yield of diagnostic procedures in ventilator-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:139–147PubMedGoogle Scholar
  70. Wess G, Thomas WP, Berger DM et al (2006) Applications, complications, and outcomes of transvenous pacemaker implantation in 105 dogs (1997–2002). J Vet Intern Med 20:877–884PubMedGoogle Scholar
  71. Wortinger A (2006) Care and use of feeding tubes in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42(5):401–406PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Samuel J. Hooper
    • 1
    Email author
  • Steven L. Percival
    • 2
  • Christine A. Cochrane
    • 3
  • David W. Williams
    • 1
  1. 1.Oral Microbiology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of DentistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
  2. 2.Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownUSA
  3. 3.Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options