Abstract
This chapter is the book’s foundation, in that it sets down the theory of diplomatic practice as applied to field negotiations in disasters or to broad animal agreements in capitals or multilateral forums with governments at any level, with International Organizations or the Red Cross/Red Crescent movement. Much attention is given to how to approach officials at government agencies, International Organizations, and diplomatic posts, and the process of decision making before a negotiation, including the roles of the chief negotiator, the team leader, and the delegation, and how to select allies and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of potential adversaries. Forms of agreements are defined and compared, with case studies, as well as frequent issues of international law. Attention is also given to the principals of collaboration with humanitarian bodies and a proposal is made for an animal protection bureau associated with the UN to support animal rights, welfare, and conservation NGOs. That bureau or office is called the International Animal Protection Center.
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Notes
- 1.
Bushmeat trade in particular is a crisis not only for animal welfare/rights professionals and conservationists, but also for those practicing sustainable development in that it threatens the ecosphere even more than the conversion of land to living space and is a prime source of animal–human disease transmission. Yet socio-economic realities often work against this most ugly and cruel of trades. It is also the subject of both bilateral and multilateral diplomatic efforts by NGOs and governments.
- 2.
Some organizations use the term “officer” to mean the lowest rank. This book defines the term to mean everyone from the CEO to the lowest official. All delegation members are officers, though in diplomatic jargon, the head of the delegation to a UN conference is usually the Delegate, with the other members being called Alternative Delegates.
- 3.
Disclosure Notice: None of the reporting on UDAW in this book comes from records obtained while I was the UN Affairs Director at WSPA 2005–2009. To avoid the possibility of accidently using confidential information, reporting on UDAW is entirely based on work I conducted in the US Department of State until I left in 2005 and work I conducted after I left WSPA in October 2009. Information in the public domain is an exception. The same general rule was followed for my research on WSPA matters. I also relied on interviews of WSPA former and current staff conducted in 2010 and 2011.
- 4.
Interpreting is paraphrasing – the interpreter listens to a speaker in one language, grasps the content, and paraphrases his understanding.
- 5.
A translator can write in the target language and understands the culture and can provide an exact understanding.
- 6.
The term “ask” is common to negotiations and simply refers to what a negotiator is trying to achieve, perhaps a sentence in a resolution, an entire resolution, or even a Declaration.
- 7.
The concept of sustainable or risk-resistant heath facilities, water, and sanitation systems was a major focus of the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction and the 2005–2015 Hyogo Framework for Action. However, it did not include, except in one workshop led by the US Department of State, such facilities when related to animals, a significant gap.
- 8.
Footnotes are often used in MOUs, due to the familiarity of the participants with the topic.
- 9.
Climatecaucus.net provided assistance to AOSIS in 2010.
- 10.
This is an old Bedouin proverb. If a camel can push its nose into a tent, the body will soon follow.
- 11.
This term means that the representative is not based locally at an Embassy or Mission but instead is based in a nation’s capital, perhaps at the Department of State, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.
- 12.
Word-smithing is a common term referring to the tedious effort in most conferences of working and reworking document many times over as numerous delegations insist on specific words or phrases in order to protect a particular interest. This process can be very tiring, but is crucial since different cultures will have different ways of phrasing the same concept in the same language.
- 13.
I highly recommend to anyone interested in the field of animal rescue that they read Time Is Short and The Water Rises by John Walsh, Field Officer, International Society for the Protection of Animals, NY: Dutton, 1967.
- 14.
E-mail from Richard Wadleigh, National American Liaison to APHIS/ISDA. “Risks for animal diseases are high in many situations and do need to be considered, certainly not at the expense of human diseases but they are and can be important both in their own context and the human as we are witnessing in Haiti right now. I would not de-emphasize the human at all but having a statement to have animal issues addressed is a good start because many people focus only on the human and lose out on the other.”
- 15.
According to UNHCR, there are approximately 10.6 million refugees in the world today and approximately 25.8 million internally displaced people worldwide (600,000 were displaced after Hurricane Katrina, 2005). Eighty percent of the internally displaced people are women and children. Forty-four percent of refugees and internally displaced people are under the age of 18. Six percent of refugees and internally displaced people are 60 years of age or older. In addition, there is not a universal definition for an IDP as there is for a refugee. IDPs remain in their country of origin, unlike a refugee who crosses a national border to seek safety. IDPs are forced to leave their home due to natural disasters and/or man-made disasters, but have not crossed international territories. IDPs may be trapped in an ongoing internal conflict without a safe place to stay. IDPs remain under the provision of the government of the country in which they reside as there are no specific international instruments pertaining to the protection of the internally displaced.
- 16.
In this book, a refugee is someone with a “well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.”
- 17.
ClimateCaucus.net, though primarily involved in environmental issues, has taken an interest in this topic, and was engaged in discussions with the US Mission to UNESCO in 2010. It also partnered with the Mission of the Seychelles in order to examine the impact of climate change on small islands with its collateral damage to animals.
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Roeder, L.W. (2011). Diplomatic Theory and Practice. In: Diplomacy, Funding and Animal Welfare. Animal Welfare, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21274-1_1
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