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Manihot

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the major starchy staple root crops for over 800 million people living throughout the tropics including Africa. This crop is considered as one of the most important staples of sub-Saharan Africa accounting for the highest cassava harvest worldwide, followed by Asia and South America, and the demand for its cultivation in the next 20 years is expected to increase due to population growth. The main center of diversity of Manihot species is Brazil. Wild populations of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia (Euphorbiaceae) are considered to be the most probable progenitor of domesticated cassava. Most Manihot species are perennial and vary in growth pattern from nearly acaulescent subshrubs to small trees. Like in most crops, wild Manihot species are great resources for important traits such as robustness and resistance/tolerance to diseases, pests and tolerance to frost, and other root quality traits. These wild species constitute valuable genetic reservoirs harboring genes that show novel characters and aid in introgression of useful traits into the cultivated Manihot species for increased yield and tolerance for biotic and abiotic stresses. High protein combined with low hydrocyanic acid content has been achieved by screening of the wild relatives of cassava. Studies on the wild Manihot species in their natural habitats revealed resistance to drought and excessive soil aluminum toxicity as well as adaptation to low temperature. Hybrids derived by crossing with such wild species showed high root productivity and resistance to stem borers. Apomixis was also discovered in the wild species and later transferred successfully to the cultivated species. The use of such improved cassava varieties resulted in 49% increase over the average yield. Conservation of cassava genetic resources and protection from genetic erosion provides an avenue for its genetic improvement and sustainable production over many years to come. Based on the research findings available so far, it is often difficult to separate cultivated cassava from wild Manihot species, therefore, this review focuses on all the information available till date on Manihot species, including cultivated cassava.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA, 23806, USA

    Satya S. Narina

  2. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, TX, USA

    Madhuri Jasti

  3. Dow Agro Sciences, Trait Genetics and Technologies, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA

    Ramesh Buyyarapu

  4. Genetic Resources Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Ranjana Bhattacharjee

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  1. Satya S. Narina
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  2. Madhuri Jasti
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  3. Ramesh Buyyarapu
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  4. Ranjana Bhattacharjee
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Correspondence to Ranjana Bhattacharjee .

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  1. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BC, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741252, West Bengal, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Narina, S.S., Jasti, M., Buyyarapu, R., Bhattacharjee, R. (2011). Manihot. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21102-7_8

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