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Alterung der Netzhaut und des retinalen Pigmentepithels

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Book cover Altersabhängige Makuladegeneration

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Zusammenfassung

Altern wurde definiert als »eine mit der Zeit stetig zunehmende Reihe von Veränderungen, die im fortgeschrittenen Alter mit immer höherer Krankheitsanfälligkeit und Tod einhergehen bzw. für sie verantwortlich sind« [1]. Auch das Auge macht dabei keine Ausnahme; Katarakt und Netzhautdegeneration sind häufige Begleiterscheinungen des Alterns [2]. Vor allem die Retina ist empfindlich für Altersveränderungen, da

  • die Mehrheit der Zelltypen nicht teilungsfähig sind, so dass sich Schäden kumulieren,

  • Photorezeptorzellen und die Zellen des retinalen Pigmentepithels metabolisch hoch aktiv sind,

  • die Retina eine hohe Sauerstoffversorgung aufweist, was in Kombination mit Lichtexposition im kurzwelligen Bereich zu oxidativen Schäden führt und

  • eine Akkumulation toxischer Stoffe wie Lipofuszin erfolgt, die die Sensibilität gegenüber Licht erhöhen [3–5].

Ich bedanke mich bei Lynn Shaw für die Bebilderung und bei Prajitha Thampi, Haripriya Vittal Rao und Sayak Mitter für das Korrekturlesen des Manuskripts. Die Forschung des Autors wird durch die NIH-Förderung EY019688 und die AHAF-Förderung M2009024 unterstützt.

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  1. Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, 100235, Gainesville, USA

    M. E. Boulton

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Boulton, M.E. (2011). Alterung der Netzhaut und des retinalen Pigmentepithels. In: Altersabhängige Makuladegeneration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20870-6_3

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