Abstract
Traditional loss-based TCP congestion control (CC) tends to induce high queuing delays and perform badly across paths containing links that exhibit packet losses unrelated to congestion. Delay-based TCP CC algorithms infer congestion from delay measurements and tend to keep queue lengths low. To date most delay-based CC algorithms do not coexist well with loss-based TCP, and require knowledge of a network path’s RTT characteristics to establish delay thresholds indicative of congestion. We propose and implement a delay-gradient CC algorithm (CDG) that no longer requires knowledge of path-specific minimum RTT or delay thresholds. Our FreeBSD implementation is shown to coexist reasonably with loss-based TCP (NewReno) in lightly multiplexed environments, share capacity fairly between instances of itself and NewReno, and exhibits improved tolerance of non-congestion related losses (86% better goodput than NewReno in the presence of 1% packet losses).
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
NewTCP project tools (August 2010), http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools.html (accessed December 2, 2010)
Allman, M., Paxson, V., Stevens, W.: TCP Congestion Control. RFC 2581 (Proposed Standard), (April 1999), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2581.txt updated by RFC 3390
Bhandarkar, S., Reddy, A.L.N., Zhang, Y., Loguinov, D.: Emulating AQM from end hosts. In: SIGCOMM 2007: Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, pp. 349–360. ACM Press, New York (2007)
Biaz, S., Vaidya, N.: Discriminating congestion losses from wireless losses using inter-arrival times at the receiver. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Systems and Software Engineering and Technology, ASSET 1999, pp. 10–17 (1999)
Biaz, S., Vaidya, N.H.: Distinguishing congestion losses from wireless transmission losses. In: Seventh International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IC3N) (October 1998)
Brakmo, L.S., Peterson, L.L.: TCP Vegas: end to end congestion avoidance on a global internet. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 13(8), 1465–1480 (1995)
Budzisz, L., Stanojevic, R., Shorten, R., Baker, F.: A strategy for fair coexistence of loss and delay-based congestion control algorithms. IEEE Commun. Lett. 13(7), 555–557 (2009)
Cen, S., Cosman, P.C., Voelker, G.M.: End-to-end differentiation of congestion and wireless losses. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 11(5), 703–717 (2003)
Floyd, S.: Congestion Control Principles. RFC 2914 (Best Current Practice) (September 2000), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2914.txt
Floyd, S., Henderson, T., Gurtov, A.: The NewReno Modification to TCP’s Fast Recovery Algorithm. RFC 3782 (Proposed Standard) (April 2004), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3782.txt
Floyd, S., Jacobson, V.: On traffic phase effects in packet-switched gateways. Internetworking: Research and Experience 3(3), 115–156 (1992)
Ha, S., Rhee, I., Xu, L.: CUBIC: A new tcp-friendly high-speed tcp variant. ACM SIGOPS Operating System Review 42(5), 64–74 (2008)
Hayes, D.: Timing enhancements to the FreeBSD kernel to support delay and rate based TCP mechanisms. Tech. Rep. 100219A, Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia (February 19, 2010), http://caia.swin.edu.au/reports/100219A/CAIA-TR-100219A.pdf
Hayes, D.A., Armitage, G.: Improved coexistence and loss tolerance for delay based TCP congestion control. In: 35th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2010), Denver, Colorado, USA (October 2010)
Jain, R.: A delay-based approach for congestion avoidance in interconnected heterogeneous computer networks. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 19(5), 56–71 (1989)
King, R., Baraniuk, R., Riedi, R.: TCP-Africa: An adaptive and fair rapid increase rule for scalable TCP. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2005, pp. 1838–1848 (2005)
Kuzmanovic, A., Knightly, E.: TCP-LP: low-priority service via end-point congestion control. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 14(4), 739–752 (2006)
Leith, D., Shorten, R., McCullagh, G., Heffner, J., Dunn, L., Baker, F.: Delay-based AIMD congestion control. In: Proc. Protocols for Fast Long Distance Networks, California (2007)
Leith, D., Shorten, R., McCullagh, G., Dunn, L., Baker, F.: Making available base-rtt for use in congestion control applications. IEEE Communications Letters 12(6), 429–431 (2008)
Martin, J., Nilsson, A., Rhee, I.: Delay-based congestion avoidance for tcp. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 11(3), 356–369 (2003)
Mathis, M., Semke, J., Mahdavi, J., Ott, T.: The macroscopic behavior of the tcp congestion avoidance algorithm. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 27(3), 67–82 (1997)
McCullagh, G., Leith, D.J.: Delay-based congestion control: Sampling and correlation issues revisited. Tech. rep., Hamilton Institute – - National University of Ireland, Maynooth (2008)
Postel, J.: Transmission Control Protocol. RFC 793 (Standard), (September 1981), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt (updated by RFC 3168)
Rizzo, L.: Dummynet: a simple approach to the evaluation of network protocols. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 27(1), 31–41 (1997)
Stewart, L., Armitage, G., Huebner, A.: Collateral damage: The impact of optimised TCP variants on real-time traffic latency in consumer broadband environments. In: Fratta, L., Schulzrinne, H., Takahashi, Y., Spaniol, O. (eds.) NETWORKING 2009. LNCS, vol. 5550, pp. 392–403. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Tan, K., Song, J., Zhang, Q., Sridharan, M.: A compound TCP approach for high-speed and long distance networks. In: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2006, pp. 1–12 ( April 2006)
Wang, Z., Crowcroft, J.: Eliminating periodic packet losses in the 4.3-Tahoe BSD TCP congestion control algorithm. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 22(2), 9–16 (1992)
Wei, D.X., Jin, C., Low, S.H., Hegde, S.: FAST TCP: Motivation, architecture, algorithms, performance. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 14(6), 1246–1259 (2006)
Zhao, H., ning Dong, Y., Li, Y.: A packet loss discrimination algorithm in wireless ip networks. In: 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCom 2009, Beijing, pp. 1–4 (September 2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hayes, D.A., Armitage, G. (2011). Revisiting TCP Congestion Control Using Delay Gradients. In: Domingo-Pascual, J., Manzoni, P., Palazzo, S., Pont, A., Scoglio, C. (eds) NETWORKING 2011. NETWORKING 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6641. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20798-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20798-3_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20797-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20798-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)