Zusammenfassung
Im Tierreich existieren neben der uns vertrauten, getrenntgeschlechtlichen sexuellen Fortpflanzung eine Reihe anderer Fortpflanzungssysteme. Diese unterschiedlichen Formen der Fortpflanzung können als Life history-Merkmale verstanden werden, die das Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Individuen der jeweiligen Taxa in gewisser Weise festlegen und damit teilweise erklären. So unterscheiden sich die Fortpflanzungsstrategien von protogynen hermaphroditischen Blaukopflippfischen (Thalassoma bifasciatum) von denen gynogyner Amazonenkärpflinge (Poecilia formosa), haplodiploider Honigbienen (Apis mellifera) oder getrenntgeschlechtlicher Kohlmeisen (Parus major) in vielerlei Weise allein aufgrund ihres jeweiligen Fortpflanzungssystems. Für all diese Organismen liefert die Theorie der sexuellen Selektion ein Gerüst zur Analyse der Verhaltensweisen und anderer Anpassungen in Zusammenhang mit der Fortpflanzung, so dass ich deren Grundlagen als erstes vorstellen möchte. Ich werde dabei sexuelle Selektion näher charakterisieren, die Beziehungen zwischen Life history und Fortpflanzung sowie die biologischen Grundlagen und Determinanten von Geschlechterrollen besprechen. Da die Dynamik der sexuellen Selektion auch wesentlich vom Geschlechterverhältnis beeinflusst wird, schließt dieses Kapitel mit einer Diskussion der Sex-ratio-Theorie.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Anthes N (2010) Mate choice and reproductive conflict in simultaneous hermaphrodites. In: Kappeler PM (ed) Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 329–357
Anthes N, Michiels NK (2005) Do ‘sperm trading’ simultaneous hermaphrodites always trade sperm? Behav Ecol 16:188–195
Anthes N, Putz A, Michiels NK (2005) Gender trading in a hermaphrodite. Curr Biol 15:R792–R793
Arnold SJ (1994) Bateman’s principles and the measurement of sexual selection in plants and animals. Am Nat 144:S126–S149
Barton NH, Charlesworth B (1998) Why sex and recombination? Science 281:1986–1990
Bateman AJ (1948) Intrasexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2:349–368
Beck CW (1998) Mode of fertilization and parental care in anurans. Anim Behav 55:439–449
Bell G (1982) The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality. Croom-Helm, London
Berglund A, Rosenqvist G (2003) Sex role reversal in pipefish. Adv Stud Behav 32:131–167
Blanckenhorn W (2010) The quantitative study of sexual and natural selection in the wild and in the laboratory. In: Kappeler PM (ed) Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 301–327
Bonduriansky R (2009) Reappraising sexual coevolution and the sex roles. PLoS Biol 7:e1000255, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000255
Charlat S, Hornett EA, Fullard JH, Davies N, Roderick GK, Wedell N, Hurst GDD (2007) Extraordinary flux in sex ratio. Science 317:214
Clutton-Brock TH (1991) The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Clutton-Brock TH (2004) What is sexual selection? In: Kappeler PM, van Schaik CP (eds) Sexual Selection in Primates. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 24–36
Clutton-Brock TH (2007) Sexual selection in males and females. Science 318:1882–1885
Cunningham EJA, Birkhead TR (1998) Sex roles and sexual selection. Anim Behav 56:1311–1321
Dacks J, Roger AJ (1999) The first sexual lineage and the relevance of facultative sex. J Mol Evol 48:779–783
Darwin C (1859) On the Origin of Species. Murray, London
Darwin C (1871) The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. Murray, London
Doncaster CP, Pound GE, Cox SJ (2000) The ecological cost of sex. Nature 404:281–285
Duarte E, Clarke D, Moya A, Domingo E, Holland J (1992) Rapid fitness losses in mammalian RNA virus clones due to Muller’s ratchet. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6015–6019
Emlen ST, Oring LW (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215–223
Fisher RA (1930) The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon, Oxford
Getz WM (2001) Competition, extinction, and the sexuality of species. Ann Zool Fennici 38:315–330
Gowaty PA (2004) Sex roles, contests for the control of reproduction, and sexual selection. In: Kappeler PM, van Schaik CP (eds) Sexual Selection in Primates. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 37–54
Gowaty PA, Drickamer L, Schmid-Holmes S (2003) Male house mice produce fewer offspring with lower viability and poorer performance when mated with females they do not prefer. Anim Behav 65:95–103
Haase M, Karlsson A (2004) Mate choice in a hermaphrodite: you won’t score with a spermatophore. Anim Behav 67:287–291
Hamilton WD (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. J theoret Biol 7:1–52
Hamilton WD, Axelrod R, Tanese R (1990) Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3566–3573
Hubbell SP, Johnson LK (1987) Environmental variance in lifetime mating success, mate choice, and sexual selection. Am Nat 130:91–112
Hunt J, Breuker CJ, Sadowski JA, Moore AJ (2009) Male-male competition, female mate choice and their interaction: determining total sexual selection. J Evol Biol 22:13–26
Jirotkul M (1999) Operational sex ratio influences female preference and malemale competition in guppies. Anim Behav 58:287–294
Johnston MO, Das B, Hoeh WR (1998) Negative correlation between male allocation and rate of self-fertilization in a hermaphroditic animal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:617–620
Jones AG, Rosenqvist G, Berglund A, Arnold SJ, Avise JC (2000) The Bateman gradient and the cause of sexual selection in a sex-role-reversed pipefish. Proc R Soc Lond B 267:677–680
Jones AG, Arguello JR, Arnold SJ (2002) Validation of Bateman’s principles: a genetic study of sexual selection and mating patterns in the rough-skinned newt. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:2533–2539
Keightley PD, Eyre-Walker A (2000) Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sex. Science 290:331–333
Kraak SBM, Bakker TCM, Mundwiler B (1999) Sexual selection in sticklebacks in the field: correlates of reproductive, mating, and paternal success. Behav Ecol 10:696–706
Lively CM, Dybdahl MF (2000) Parasite adaptation to locally common host genotypes. Nature 405:679–681
Michener GR, McLean IG (1996) Reproductive behaviour and operational sex ratio in Richardson’s ground squirrels. Anim Behav 52:743–758
Michiels NK, Newman LJ (1998) Sex and violence in hermaphrodites. Nature 391:647
Morran LT, Schmidt OG, Gelarden IA, Parrish RC II, Lively CM (2011) Running with the Red Queen: host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex. Science 333:216–218
Otto SP (2009) The evolutionary enigma of sex. Am Nat 174:S1–S14
Parker GA, Baker RR, Smith VG (1972) The origin and evolution of gamete dimorphism and the male-female phenomenon. J theoret Biol 36:529–553
Peck JR, Waxman D (2000) What’s wrong with a little sex? J Evol Biol 13:63–69
Postma E, Heinrich F, Koller U, Sardell RJ, Reid JM, Arcese P, Keller LF (2011) Disentangling the effect of genes, the environment and chance on sex ratio variation in a wild bird population. Proc R Soc Lond B, doi: 10.1098/ rspb.2010.2763
Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Bretman A, Slate J, Walling CA, Tregenza T (2010) Natural and sexual selection in a wild insect population. Science 328:1269–1272
Rogers L (2003) Odds-playing and the timing of sex change in uncertain environments: you bet your wrasse. Behav Ecol 14:447–450
Rouzine IM, Wakeley J, Coffin JM (2003) The solitary wave of asexual evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:587–592
Schlupp I (2005) The evolutionary ecology of gynogenesis. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 36:399–417
Simon J-C, Rispe C, Sunnucks P (2002) Ecology and evolution of sex in aphids. Trends Ecol Evol 17:34–39
Simon J-C, Delmotte F, Rispe C, Crease T (2003) Phylogenetic relationships between parthenogens and their sexual relatives: the possible routes to parthenogenesis in animals. Biol J Linn Soc 79:151–163
Smuts BB, Smuts RW (1993) Male aggression and sexual coercion of females in nonhuman primates and other mammals: evidence and theoretical implications. Adv Stud Behav 22:1–63
Snowdon C (2004) Sexual selection and communication. In: Kappeler PM, van Schaik CP (eds) Sexual Selection in Primates. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 57–70
Trivers RL (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B (ed) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man. Aldine, Chicago, pp 136–179
Warner RR (1975) Adaptive significance of sequential hermaphroditism in animals. Am Nat 109:61–82
Welch DM, Meselson M (2000) Evidence for the evolution of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic exchange. Science 288:1211–1215
West SA, Sheldon BC (2002) Constraints in the evolution of sex ratio adjustment. Science 295:1685–1688
West SA, Lively CM, Read AF (1999) A pluralist approach to sex and recombination. J Evol Biol 12:1003–1012
Williams GC (1966) Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Xu J (2004) The prevalence and evolution of sex in microorganisms. Genome 47:775–780
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kappeler, P. (2012). Sexuelle Selektion: evolutionäre Grundlagen. In: Verhaltensbiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20653-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20653-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20652-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20653-5
eBook Packages: Life Science and Basic Disciplines (German Language)